月: 2023年4月

What Is Anisole?

Anisole is an organic compound with C7H8O and CH3OC6H5.

It is known in the IUPAC nomenclature as methoxybenzene (although “anisole” is also an acceptable common name). It has other names such as methylphenyl ether. The CAS registration number is 100-66-3.

It has a molecular weight of 108.14, a melting point of -35 °F (-37.3 °C), and a boiling point of 311 °F (155 °C). It is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature. It has a density of 0.995 g/mL and is extremely soluble in ethanol and diethyl ether and is almost insoluble in water.

Uses of Anisole

Anisole is one of the aromatic ethers, and as an ether solvent, it is widely used as a solvent and diluent for various paints, including lacquers.

Anisole is also used as a flavoring agent. It is said to have a sweet aroma that goes well with sweets, such as aniseed.

Since it is also a type of insect pheromone, it is also used as a pharmaceutical ingredient in anthelmintics, which kills or expels parasites found in the body.

Properties of Anisole

In the structure of anisole, the electron density of the benzene ring is high because the methoxy group is electron-donating due to resonance effects. Therefore, in electrophilic reactions, it shows ortho- and para-orientation. For example, the reaction of acetic anhydride with anisole yields p-methoxyacetophenone.

Types of Anisole

Anisole is sold as R&D reagents and industrial chemicals. As a reagent product for research and development, anisole is used as a raw material for organic synthesis and as a solvent.

It is also sometimes used as a substitute for the main tar of lignin in pyrolysis experiments. The volume types include 1 mL, 25 mL, 500 mL, 1 L, 2 L, etc. It is a reagent product that can be handled at room temperature.

For industrial use, it is commonly used for fragrances, solvents, etc. It is available in capacities to meet demand at factories, etc.

Other Information on Anisole

1. Synthesis of Anisole

Anisole is synthesized by the methylation reaction of sodium phenoxide with dimethyl sulfate or methyl chloride.

2. Chemical Reaction of Anisole

Many chemical reactions of anisole are known. For example, the reaction of anisole with diphosphorus pentasulfide (P4S10) yields the Lawson reagent. Lawson reagent is a potent sulfidizing agent that exchanges oxygen for sulfur on organic compounds.

In the reaction of the Lawson reagent, for example, a carbonyl group is converted into a thiocarbonyl group, and an amide is converted into a thioamide. The methyl group of anisole is relatively stable but reacts against hydriodic acid to remove it, yielding phenol.

3. Anisole Handling and Regulatory Information

Anisole should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from high temperatures, direct sunlight, heat, flames, sparks, and static electricity. Miscibility with strong oxidizers should be avoided.

In addition, due to its low flash point of 125.6°F (52°C), anisole is a substance subject to various legal restrictions. It is necessary to handle it correctly in compliance with the laws and regulations.

What Is Adamantane?

Adamantane is a cage-shaped organic compound formed from three chair-shaped cyclohexanes.

In nature, it is a stable compound found in trace amounts in petroleum. Its name is derived from the Greek word “adamas,” meaning diamond.

Adamantane is very stable and free from distortion because it is composed of chair-shaped cyclohexane.

Properties of Adamantane

Chemical formula	C10H16
English name	Adamantane
Molecular weight	136.23

Uses of Adamantane

Adamantane is a very stable chemical substance and is used for stabilization purposes by combining with unstable chemical species. It is characterized by excellent heat resistance, fat solubility, sublimation resistance, moisture resistance, high refractive index, and chemical resistance.

Adamantane derivatives can be used as photoresists for semiconductor manufacturing in the electronics field and as raw materials in the pharmaceutical field. For example, 1-aminoadamantane is commercially available as an antiviral agent. In addition, 1-adamantyl methacrylate derivative has been put to practical use as a monomer for photoresists in semiconductor manufacturing.

Properties of Adamantane

Adamantane is a colorless, transparent crystal that sublimates and has a camphor-like odor. Its melting point is 518°F (270°C), very high among hydrocarbons. It is virtually insoluble in water and soluble in non-polar organic solvents.

Adamantane and its derivatives undergo ionic reactions with carbocations as intermediates. For example, the reaction of antimony pentafluoride with 1-fluoro adamantane gives adamantyl ions, which are more stable than the usual tertiary ions and other carbocation.

Structure of Adamantane

The chemical formula of adamantane is C10H16, its molecular weight is 136.23, and its density at 20°C is 1.08 g/cm3. The numerical value of the molecular structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography and electron diffraction. For example, the carbon-carbon bond length (C-C) is 154 pm, approximately equal to that of a diamond. The carbon-hydrogen bond length (C-H) is 111.2 pm.

The bond angle of each carbon is close to 109.5°, which is the natural angle of sp3 carbon, and the structure of adamantane is strain-free. The crystal structure of adamantane is usually a face-centered cubic lattice. The unit lattice contains four molecules, and the molecules are oriented in various directions in the crystal.

When cooled to 208 K or pressurized to 0.5 gigapascals, it assumes a body-centered square lattice structure of two molecules in the unit lattice.

Other Information on Adamantane

1. Synthesis of Adamantane by Vladimir Prelog

Adamantane was first synthesized by Vladimir Prelog in 1941. It was a complex five-step synthesis from the starting material Meerwein’s ester, with a total yield of about 0.16%. Subsequent improvements to the synthetic method have resulted in a total yield of 6.5%.

2. Synthesis of Adamantane by Paul von Ragué Schleyer

In 1957, Paul von Ragué Schleyer accidentally discovered a simple method for the synthesis of adamantane. First, dicyclopentadiene is hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst such as a platinum oxide to obtain tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene.

Then, when heated with a Lewis acid such as aluminum chloride, the hydride is withdrawn and the resulting carbocation is successively rearranged. Finally, a stable adamantane skeleton can be produced.

Initial yields were 30-40%, but have since increased to 60%. It is also an efficient method of supplying adamantane, and the process is still used in laboratories today.

What Is Azetidine?

Azetidine is a saturated tetracyclic heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C₃H₇N.

The CAS number is 503-29-7, and its other names include trimethyleneimine, azacyclobutane, and 1,3-propyleneimine.

Azetidine is classified as a flammable liquid and skin corrosive/irritant in the GHS classification. Azetidine is classified as a hazardous and flammable substance under the Industrial Safety and Health Law and as a Class 4 Petroleum No. 1 under the Fire Service Law.

Uses of Azetidine

The main uses of azetidine are in reagent products for research and development and organic synthesis materials. Azetidine can be synthesized with various protective groups on the nitrogen atom of the four-membered ring, which makes it a useful compound as a side chain for pharmaceuticals. Azetidine itself is not a frequently used compound, but its derivatives, azetidines, are used as pharmaceuticals.

Research on azetidine compounds as pharmaceuticals began in the late 1950s and is currently being conducted for use in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, and osteolysis, and as agents for the prevention or treatment of cancer. Azetidine and its derivatives are not abundant in nature, but naturally occurring derivatives such as mugineic acid and azetidine-2-carboxylic acid exist.

Properties of Azetidine

Azetidine has a molecular weight of 57.09, a boiling point of 61-62°C, and a colorless to pale yellow liquid appearance at room temperature. It has a characteristic odor.

The flash point is -21°C in a sealed flash point test. It has a density of 0.847 g/mL and is miscible with water. It is more basic than most secondary amines, and the acid dissociation constant pK_a of conjugated acids is 11.29.

The reason for this is thought to be that the carbon chain has a ring structure, and the lone pair of nitrogen atoms is not easily sterically hindered and sticks out. It is highly flammable and corrosive to the skin.

Types of Azetidine

Azetidine is a substance commonly sold as a reagent product for research and development. It is available in a variety of capacities, including 250 mg, 1 g, 5 g, and 25 g. Although it is offered in capacities that are easy to handle in the laboratory, it is a relatively expensive compound. It is usually a reagent product that is often stored under refrigeration.

Azetidine is also sold as a hydrochloride salt. Other derivatives include various compounds with substituents on the nitrogen atom, as well as compounds with substituents on the carbon atom, such as azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, and azetidine-3-ol.

Other Information on Azetidine

1. Synthesis of Azetidine

Azetidine is synthesized by the reaction of 3-bromopropylamine with potassium hydroxide and the reduction of p-toluenesulfonylazetidine with metallic sodium. p-Toluenesulfonylazetidine is obtained from 1,3-dibromopropane and p-toluenesulfonamide.

2. Reactivity of Azetidine

Azetidine opens the ring when heated in dilute hydrochloric acid to form 3-chloropropylamine, 3-aminopropanol, and other compounds. It is usually stable in a suitable storage environment, but heat, flame, and sparks should be avoided. Hazardous mixtures are strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.

3. Azetidine Hazard and Regulatory Information

Azetidine is classified in the GHS classification as

• Inflammable liquid: Category 2
• Skin corrosiveness/irritation: Category 1B
• Serious eye damage/eye irritation: Category 1

When handling, avoid heat, flame, and sparks, and wear appropriate protective equipment such as protective gloves, protective clothing, protective glasses, and protective masks. By law, the product is designated as Class 4 Inflammable Liquid, Petroleum No. 1, Hazardous Class II, Non-water soluble liquid under the Fire Service Act.

What Is Acetoin?

Acetoin is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C₄H₈O₂.

Acetoin, also known as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone or acetylmethylcarbinol, is classified as an α-hydroxy ketone (acyloin) due to its adjacent carbonyl and hydroxy groups in the molecule.

Uses of Acetoin

Acetoin serves primarily as a flavoring agent, widely used in various food products for its distinctive aroma reminiscent of butter or yogurt. It is commonly added to confectionery, margarine, coffee, caramel, tobacco, and dairy products.

Naturally, acetoin is produced during the aging of cream for butter production, and it is also found as an aroma component in fermented foods, vegetables, and fruits.

Properties of Acetoin

At room temperature, acetoin is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a buttery odor. It has a molecular weight of 88.11, a melting point of 15°C, and a boiling point of 148°C. Acetoin is readily soluble in water, ethanol, propylene glycol, ether, and dichloromethane, but slightly soluble in hydrocarbon solvents.

Types of Acetoin

1. Reagent Products for Research and Development

Acetoin is available in various capacities for research purposes, typically sold in frozen or refrigerated form.

2. Flavoring Agent

Industrial and commercial flavoring agents containing acetoin are available, with detailed product information provided by individual manufacturers.

Other Information on Acetoin

1. Synthesis of Acetoin

Acetoin can be synthesized through various methods, including thiazolium salt-catalyzed benzoin condensation of acetaldehyde, acyloin condensation of acetic acid esters, microbial oxidation of 2,3-butanediol, and fermentation of sorbose.

2. Chemical Reaction of Acetoin

At room temperature, acetoin undergoes a chemical reaction resulting in the formation of a hemiacetalated dimer. This dimer can be converted back to a monomer by heating above its melting point.

3. Hazard and Regulatory Information of Acetoin

Acetoin is classified as a flammable liquid: Category 3 and should be handled with care, keeping it away from ignition sources. It is designated as a hazardous and flammable substance under industrial safety and health laws and regulations.

What Is Acetoacetic Acid?

Figure 1. Basic information on acetoacetic acid

Acetoacetic acid, a carboxylic acid compound with the chemical formula C4H6O3, is also known as 3-oxobutanoic acid. Typically unstable, it is often used in the form of its esters, such as ethyl acetoacetate or methyl acetoacetate. Ethyl acetoacetic acid, commonly handled, is classified as a flammable liquid and eye irritant under the GHS classification and as a Class 4 hazardous material under the Fire Service Law, but is exempt from several other regulations.

Uses of Acetoacetic Acid

Acetoacetic acid is primarily used as a reaction intermediate in organic synthesis, obtained through the saponification of esters like methyl and ethyl acetoacetate. Biochemically, its concentration increases in the blood under certain conditions, such as in diabetics and during strenuous exercise while fasting. This increase is due to enhanced fatty acid breakdown, leading to the formation of acetoacetic acid, a condition known as ketosis, which can affect appetite and gastrointestinal function.

Properties of Acetoacetic Acid

Figure 2. Reaction of acetoacetic acid

Acetoacetic acid melts at 97.7°F (36.5°C) and decomposes into acetone and carbon dioxide gas over time or when heated. Its acid form has a half-life of 140 minutes in water at 98.6°F (37°C), while its base form, as an anion, has a much slower half-life of 130 hours. It is a weak acid with a pKa of 3.58, similar to alkyl carboxylic acids.

Structure of Acetoacetic Acid

Figure 3. Structure of acetoacetic acid

As a β-keto acid, acetoacetic acid exhibits keto-enol tautomerisation, with the enol form partially stabilized by conjugation and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. This equilibrium is highly solvent dependent, with the keto form predominating in polar solvents like water (98%) and the enol form more prevalent in non-polar solvents (25-49%).

Other Information on Acetoacetic Acid

1. Synthesis of Acetoacetic Acid

Acetoacetic acid is produced by hydrolyzing diketene and can be synthesized from acetoacetic acid esters at 0 °C, decomposing rapidly into acetone and carbon dioxide for immediate use. Its esters are integral in acetoacetylation reactions, crucial for producing dyes such as arylide yellows and diarylides. Diketenes also react with alcohols and amines to yield corresponding acetoacetic acid derivatives.

2. Detection of Acetoacetic Acid

Acetoacetic acid is measured in the urine of diabetic patients or those on ketogenic or low-carbohydrate diets to confirm diabetic ketoacidosis. A dipstick coated with nitroprusside changes color in the presence of acetoacetate, the conjugate base of acetoacetic acid, from pink to purple, facilitating visual assessment.

What Is Agmatine Black?

Agmatine black, a high-purity carbon black, is produced through the thermal decomposition of acetylene gas. It stands alongside furnace black and ketjen black as one of the notable conductive carbon blacks. Due to its small particle size, handling agmatine black requires safety precautions like wearing glasses and dust masks.

Applications of Agmatine Black

Agmatine black is utilized across various sectors, including electronics and rubber, capitalizing on its exceptional conductivity and liquid absorption capabilities. Unlike ordinary carbon particles, agmatine black’s surface functional groups facilitate its mixing with resins, rubbers, and liquids for enhanced performance.

Significantly, over 90% of agmatine black is employed as a rubber reinforcing agent, especially in tire manufacturing. Its applications extend to reinforcing plastics, and in products like printing inks, carbon paper, and crayons, showcasing its versatility.

Additionally, agmatine black serves as a catalyst carrier, in fireworks, snow melting agents, and as a conductive material in batteries, including those for electric vehicles and smartphones, thanks to its inherent conductivity.

Properties of Agmatine Black

Agmatine black, composed entirely of carbon, features a unique six-membered ring structure. This structure, coupled with its high carbon purity and developed primary particle chains, accounts for its superior electronic conductivity and liquid absorption qualities. Despite its true specific gravity of about 2.2, agmatine black’s structured formation results in an impressively low bulk density.

Types of Agmatine Black

Available in powder, granular, and pressed forms, agmatine black caters to diverse needs. Granular forms are favored for their conductivity, while powdered and pressed forms excel in liquid absorbency, making them ideal for dry battery and conductive rubber applications. Granular and pressed variants also minimize dust, suiting them for IC packing and trays.

Other Information on Agmatine Black

1. Agmatine Black Production Method

Produced by heating acetylene gas at temperatures around 1,800°C, agmatine black’s formation process “C₂H₂ → 2C + H₂ + 55 kcal” results in a material with minimal hydrogen and oxygen-containing functional groups, enhancing its electron conductivity.

2. Carbon Black Other Than Agmatine

Other forms of carbon black, such as ketjen black and furnace black, share similarities with agmatine black but differ in specific surface area, liquid absorption, and production processes, demonstrating the diversity within carbon black materials.

What Is Azulene?

Azulene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Azulene is also the generic name for compounds that have an azulene skeleton.

Azulene is a nonbenzene aromatic compound without a benzene ring. It is a structural isomer of naphthalene and has a fused structure of 5- and 7-membered rings. It is a natural organic compound found in plants such as chamomile. The blue color, which is unusual for a hydrocarbon compound, was named “azulene” from the Spanish word “azul,” meaning blue, because of this characteristic color.

Uses of Azulene

Azulene is mainly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and as an organic synthetic material due to its mild anti-inflammatory properties. It is used in gargles, medicines to reduce inflammation of the nose and throat, and drugs for gastritis and stomach ulcers.

Another azulene derivative, guaiazulene (azulone, 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene), is used in ointments to reduce skin inflammation, cosmetics, and other daily products that come in direct contact with the skin.

Azulene is the main component of essential oils such as chamomile and chamomile. These herbs have been used as folk medicines since ancient times. Their efficacy is attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of azulene contained in the herbs. Even today, many products use chamomile or chamomile essential oil as an ingredient in medicated bath salts and cosmetics to reduce skin inflammation, and these products can also be considered as azulene-containing daily necessities.

Properties of Azulene

Chemical formula	C10H8
English name	Azulene
CAS No.	275-51-4
Molecular weight	128.17g/mol
Melting points	100°C
Boiling point or first distillation point and boiling range	242°C

1. Azulene Aliases

Other names for azulene include bicyclo[5.3.0]decapentaene and cyclopentacycloheptene.

2. Solubility of Azulene

Azulene is soluble in ethanol and acetone.

Since water solubility is important for pharmaceutical use, a water-soluble azulene derivative, sodium azulene sulfonate hydrate, is often used in pharmaceutical applications.

Other Information on Azulene

1. Hazardous Properties of Azulene

Azulene is an ingredient used in pharmaceuticals and daily necessities and is not hazardous to the human body. Therefore, there is no information on azulene in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for chemical compounds.

2. Azulene Safety Precautionary Information

Azulene is an organic compound that is harmless to the human body, so no special safety precautions are required when handling it.

3. Other precautions

Azulene is a solid organic compound with sublimation properties. When mixtures of azulene and other organic compounds or solvents are distilled or concentrated under reduced pressure, azulene may be mixed with organic compounds or solvents with low boiling points due to azulene’s sublimability. Handle and store the azulene with the sublimability of the compound in mind.

4. Disposal method

There are no legal restrictions on how to dispose of azulene. However, since azulene is often handled as a laboratory reagent or medical raw material, it should be disposed of properly by requesting a specialized waste disposal company.

What Is Adiponitirile?

Adiponitirile is a type of dinitrile, a colorless liquid at room temperature.

It is also known as “hexanedinitrile” or “1,4-dicyanobutane.” It is flammable and produces toxic gases. Like other cyanide compounds, it is highly poisonous.

Uses of Adiponitirile

Adiponitirile is an important intermediate used in the manufacture of Nylon 66. The majority of its uses are in the production of nylon. Nylon 66 has properties such as high strength, abrasion resistance, and electrical insulation, and is widely used in applications such as electronics, automotive, packaging, construction, and consumer goods.

In addition to being used as a raw material for nylon, Nylon 66 is also used as an intermediate in the manufacture of rust inhibitors and rubber vulcanization accelerators. It is often used as a structure of automobiles by compositing it with glass fiber and other materials.

Properties of Adiponitirile

Adiponitirile is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform. Its melting point is 33.8°F (1°C) and its boiling point is 563°F (295°C). Orally, like other cyanide compounds, it is deleterious, but respirationally, it is less hazardous due to its low vapor pressure.

Its molecular formula is C6H8N2 and its molecular weight is 108.14. It is an organic compound with two cyano groups, and its differential formula is NC(CH2)4CN, with a density of 0.97 g/cm3.

Other Information on Adiponitirile

1. Examples of Adiponitirile Synthesis

Generally, adiponitirile can be obtained by dehydrating adipoamide using a catalyst, such as vanadium pentoxide. An industrialized method is the hydrocyanation of butadiene.

Acrylonitrile is also obtained by electrolytic dimerization reduction of acrylonitrile, which is produced by ammoxidation of propene.

2. Details of the Synthesis of Adiponitirile

Specifically, ammonia reacts with adipic acid produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane. The resulting ammonium adipate can be obtained by dehydration using a phosphoric acid catalyst.

It can also be synthesized by hydrocyanation of butadiene. The reaction of cyanide with butadiene in the gas phase over a copper-magnesium chromite catalyst yields 3-pentenenitrile and 4-pentenenitrile as main products.

Adiponitirile can be obtained by further reacting these products with hydrogen cyanide acid in the liquid phase using a nickel complex catalyst.

3. Reaction of Adiponitirile

Hydrogenation of adiponitirile with nickel or other catalyst yields hexamethylene diamine. The process of hydrolysis will yield adipic acid. Nylon 66 is produced by condensation polymerization of adipic acid with hexamethylene diamine produced from adiponitirile.

4. Adiponitirile as a Synthetic Intermediate for Nylon

Adiponitirile is an important compound as an intermediate in the synthesis of Nylon 66. Both hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, which are necessary to obtain Nylon 66, can be synthesized from adiponitirile.

What Is Agmatine?

Agmatine, an organic compound with the molecular formula C₅H₁₄N₄, plays a role in the biosynthesis of polyamines and is considered a potential neurotransmitter. Its CAS number is 306-60-5, and it is also known as N-(4-aminobutyl) guanidine, among other aliases.

Produced in the brain and stored in synaptic vesicles, agmatine is found naturally in fish and sake, particularly synthesized by koji mold from arginine.

Uses of Agmatine

Agmatine’s physiological effects include muscle strengthening by serving as a precursor to nitric oxide, enhancing mental wellness by increasing NRF₂, promoting muscle growth through elevated testosterone levels, and boosting appetite via neuropeptide Y activation. Its potential in treating various conditions like depression, neuralgia, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others, has been supported by preclinical studies, making it a promising ingredient in dietary supplements.

Properties of Agmatine

At room temperature, agmatine is a solid with a molecular weight of 130.195, melting at 102°C and boiling at 281°C. It dissolves in water, has a density of 1.02 g/mL, and features a base dissociation constant (pK_b) of 0.52.

Types of Agmatine

Primarily sold as agmatine sulfate, agmatine is available for research and industrial purposes. It is provided in various forms, including salts like agmatine dihydrochloride, and volumes ranging from small to large for laboratory and industrial use.

1. Research and Development

For R&D, agmatine sulfate and other forms are crucial due to their modulatory effects on neurotransmitters, ion channels, and nitric oxide synthesis. These are available in quantities suitable for lab use and can also be part of screening libraries for drug discovery.

2. Industrial Organic Compounds

As an industrial chemical, agmatine sulfate serves as a fine chemical and pharmaceutical intermediate, available in bulk quantities for manufacturing processes.

Other Information on Agmatine

Agmatine Sulfate

Agmatine sulfate, with a molecular weight of 228.27 and a melting point of 234-238°C, appears as a white powder and is identified by the CAS number 2482-00-0.

What Is Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate?

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, also known as monosodium phosphate, monosodium monophosphate, or monosodium soda, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaH₂PO₄. It exists in several forms, including anhydrous, monohydrate, and dihydrate.

Uses of Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate

This compound finds extensive use in the food industry as a food additive, and in applications such as baking powder, emulsifiers, meat binders, buffers, pH adjusters, detergents, canning agents, in cell culture, and as a dyeing aid. Additionally, it serves as a laboratory pH buffer due to its solubility and buffering capability in water. In medicine, it is prescribed to increase blood phosphorus levels and is used in a laxative mixture with sodium bicarbonate.

Properties of Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate appears as a white crystal or powder and is hygroscopic. It has a molecular weight of 119.98, a density of 2.36 g/mL for the anhydrous form, and a solubility of 59.90 g/100 mL in water at 0°C. The pH of a 0.2 mol/L aqueous solution is between 4.2 and 4.7 at 25°C. It is almost insoluble in ethanol.

Types of Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate

Available as both a research reagent and an industrial chemical, it comes in various forms and volumes to suit different applications, including anhydrous, monohydrate, and dihydrate.

1. Reagent Products for Research and Development

These products are available in forms such as anhydrous, monohydrate, and dihydrate, with volumes ranging from 25g to 500g, depending on the manufacturer. They can be stored at room temperature.

2. Industrial Chemicals

As an industrial chemical, it is sold in forms like anhydrous and dihydrate, primarily used as a food additive and in general industrial applications, typically in larger volumes like 25 kg.

Other Information on Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate

1. Synthesis of Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate

It is commonly produced by the partial neutralization of phosphoric acid using sodium hydroxide.

2. Chemical Reaction of Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate

Upon heating to 169 ºC, it decomposes to disodium dihydrogen phosphate and water. At 550 ºC, it further decomposes to sodium trimetaphosphate and water. It is stable under normal conditions but hygroscopic, requiring storage away from heat, sunlight, and moisture.

3. Hazard and Regulatory Information

Classified as a Class 2B irritant by the GHS for serious eye damage/irritation, handling precautions include wearing personal protective equipment and avoiding contact with skin and eyes. It is not regulated by major industrial and safety laws but requires careful handling and storage.