What Is Sulfuryl Chloride?
Sulfuryl chloride, a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, is an inorganic compound identified by the chemical formula SO2Cl2, a molecular weight of 134.97, and CAS number 7791-25-5. Featuring a tetrahedral structure, it comprises two oxygen and two chlorine atoms bonded to a sulfur atom. Discovered by Henri-Victor Rigneau in 1838, it demonstrates significant industrial utility.
Uses of Sulfuryl Chloride
As a potent source of chlorine, sulfuryl chloride is employed in various chemical transformations, including the chlorination of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, ethers, and epoxides. It’s particularly effective in converting C-H bonds adjacent to active substituents into C-Cl bonds and transforming thiols, disulfides, and alcohols into their chlorinated counterparts.
Properties of Sulfuryl Chloride
This compound melts at -54°C, boils at 69°C, and has a density of 1.67 g/cm3. Sensitive to temperature, it decomposes above 100°C, and its exposure to air results in the breakdown into sulfur dioxide and chlorine, often giving aged samples a yellowish-green tint.
Other Information About Sulfuryl Chloride
1. Production Process
Sulfuryl chloride is synthesized by reacting sulfur dioxide with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst like activated carbon, a process that can be refined through distillation. Historically, it was also produced by oxidizing thionyl chloride with agents like mercury oxide or manganese dioxide.
2. Reaction with Water
When reacting with water, sulfuryl chloride yields hydrogen chloride gas and sulfuric acid, showcasing its role as a chlorine source for various chlorination reactions.
3. Regulatory Information
Although not specifically regulated by major safety laws, sulfuryl chloride is considered a poisonous or toxic substance in maritime and aviation transport regulations, necessitating careful handling due to its toxicity and irritant properties.
4. Handling and Storage
Recommended practices include storage under inert gas in cool conditions, usage in well-ventilated areas or outdoors, and adherence to protective measures to mitigate risks from hydrolysis-induced pressure increases and violent reactions with incompatible materials.