What Is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System?
A radio frequency identification (RFID) system is a system that uses radio waves or electromagnetic waves to recognize information in RFID tags, or smart labels attached to products and to read and write data.
Advantages of the radio frequency identification (RFID) System include the ability to read multiple tags at the same time from remote locations, easy data modification, and the ability to read dirty tags. Other systems that recognize information include barcodes, but RFID systems can also be used in situations where barcodes cannot be used.
Uses of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System
Radio frequency identification (RFID) Systems are often used in manufacturing process and logistics because they allow a sequence of events to be monitored. During manufacturing of products in factory, consistency in product quality is important.However, different lots of raw materials or different workers often produce different quality.
By introducing RFID, it is possible to link the conditions of creation and quality with data, which can be useful when problems arise. In logistics, RFID is used for inspection of incoming goods. Although the contents of an incoming product may not be visible depending on the state of its packaging, RFID makes it possible to inspect the product at once, even if the contents are not visible.
Principle of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System
Radio frequency identification (RFID) system consists of a reader/writer, RFID tags, and data processing equipment.
1. Reader/Writer
First, the reader/writer transmits radio or electromagnetic waves with information to the transmitting RFID tag, which receives the information and processes it using the power generated in the tag, which in turn transmits radio or electromagnetic waves with information from the tag. The reader/writer reads the information and transmits it to the data processing equipment.
2. RF Tag
RF tags contain an antenna and a microchip that enables contactless reading and writing of the information stored in the tag. RF tags vary in size and shape from small and inexpensive to larger tags with more sophisticated functions.
3. Data Processing Equipment
Data processing equipment includes PCs, machine automation controllers, and antenna coolers. Antenna coolers function to prevent RFID antennas from overheating, allowing them to be used for extended periods of time.
RFID is classified according to the frequency of the radio, or electromagnetic waves used. Higher frequencies result in faster information transmission. On the other hand, lower frequencies can transmit information stably over a longer distance.
Since each has different characteristics, it is important to use different frequencies for different purposes. In recent years, as in the case of 5G, the speed of information transmission has been emphasized, with high-frequency band being the most widely used.
Other Information on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems
1. Precautions When Using RFID
Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems use radio waves and electromagnetic waves, so the following precautions should be taken.
Keep Them Away From Metal.
Especially in the high-frequency band, radio and electromagnetic waves can generate heat in metals. Hence, it is preferable to keep them away from metal because of possible adverse effects from heat.
Do Not Stack RFID Tags on Top of Each Other.
If tags overlap each other, they may interfere with each other and cannot be read correctly.
Do Not Place RFID Tags Too Far From the Reader.
If RFID tags and readers are too far apart, reading accuracy will decrease and quality will suffer. It is necessary to install them at an appropriate distance.
Adjust the Frequency Band.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems have different frequency bands and protocols, which can cause compatibility issues. Standardizing frequency bands will facilitate data exchange between different systems.
2. Examples of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System Applications
Application in the Retail Industry
A leading Japanese apparel brand has introduced a radio frequency identification (RFID) system (RFID tags) in all of its 2,000 brand stores, both inside and outside the company’s stores. The initial implementation cost is said to be in the tens of billions of dollars, but the cost-effectiveness of the system is said to be tremendous because of the multiple benefits gained, such as reduced inventory management time, reduced waiting time for checkout, and reduced number of missing items.
Use at Events
Radio frequency identification (RFID) system can be used to prevent long lines in front of stores and sales at events. Further, by distributing tickets and wristbands with RFID tags in advance, it is possible to reduce the lines and prevent lost purchase opportunities.