What Is Malondialdehyde?
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a dialdehyde with the formula C3H4O2. It is a highly reactive molecule, rarely found in its pure form. Commercially, it is obtained through the hydrolysis of 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane.
Uses of Malondialdehyde
As a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde serves as a biological marker for oxidative stress, indicating cell membrane damage and the presence of lipid peroxides in the body. It is particularly useful in assessing sperm membrane integrity, offering insights into fertility-related issues.
Properties of Malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde melts at 72°C and boils at 108°C. It forms adducts with 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, exhibiting strong absorption near 532 nm, which facilitates its spectroscopic detection. Elevated MDA levels have been documented in various medical conditions, including corneal and joint diseases.
Structure of Malondialdehyde
The structural formula for malondialdehyde is CH2(CHO)2, highlighting its dual aldehyde groups. It predominantly exists in the enol form, with its isomerization influenced by the solvent’s nature. This dynamic equilibrium affects the cis and trans forms’ distribution in different solvents.
Other Information on Malondialdehyde
1. Biosynthesis of Malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde is produced through the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by free radicals, leading to a series of reactions that ultimately yield MDA. This process also occurs in heated edible oils, contributing to nutritional and health considerations.
2. Reaction of Malondialdehyde
As an indicator of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde’s measurement is pivotal in studying oxidative stress and cell death mechanisms like ferroptosis. It reacts with cellular biomolecules, causing DNA and protein damage, making it a significant target in disease research, including investigations into diabetes and cancer.