What Is Propyl Acetate?
Propyl acetate, with the chemical formula CH3COOCH2CH2CH3, is an organic compound commonly known for its distinctive pear-like aroma. It is naturally abundant in fruits such as apples, bananas, and raspberries. Produced through the esterification of acetic acid and 1-propanol, approximately 30,000 tons of propyl acetate are imported annually (METI 2018).
Uses of Propyl Acetate
Propyl acetate finds applications in food flavoring, perfumes, and industrial solvents. Its characteristic aroma, reminiscent of pears, makes it a popular choice in fragrances. It also serves as a versatile solvent, offering high miscibility with organic solvents.
In industrial settings, propyl acetate acts as a solvent for various plastics, coatings, printing inks, and as an extraction solvent in pharmaceuticals.
Properties of Propyl Acetate
Physical Properties
Propyl acetate is a colorless liquid with a molecular weight of 102.13 and CAS No. 109-60-4. Also known as n-propyl acetate, it is a flammable liquid with a freezing point of -95°C, a melting point of -92°C, and a boiling point of 101.6°C. It has a flash point of 14°C and a vapor pressure of 3,300 Pa (20°C).
Chemically, it is slightly soluble in water (1.6mL/100mL at 16°C) but soluble in alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, and esters. It reacts vigorously with strong oxidizers and acids, posing fire and explosion hazards. Hydrolysis in the presence of water yields acetic acid.
Safety and Handling
Propyl acetate is highly flammable and harmful if inhaled, causing drowsiness, dizziness, and irritation to the respiratory tract. It is also a mild skin and eye irritant. Due to its environmental hazards, it should be handled and disposed of with care.
When working with propyl acetate, use explosion-proof equipment in well-ventilated areas away from ignition sources. Protective gear such as gloves, safety glasses, and masks should be worn. Store it in cool, well-ventilated areas away from oxidizers and direct sunlight.
Fire Precautions
In case of fires, use appropriate extinguishing agents such as carbon dioxide, powder fire extinguishers, water spray, and alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid using water directly on fires involving propyl acetate. Wear protective gear due to the potential release of toxic gases.
Laws and Regulations
Propyl acetate is classified as a hazardous and flammable substance under various laws and regulations, including the Industrial Safety and Health Law and the Fire Service Law. It is subject to strict handling and storage requirements to mitigate risks.