What Is Sodium Periodate?
Sodium periodate, the sodium salt of periodate with the formula NaIO4, is also known as sodium metaperiodate. Its CAS number is 7790-28-5. This compound exists alongside orthoperiodate, each serving distinct roles in chemical processes.
Uses of Sodium Periodate
As a powerful oxidizing agent, sodium periodate is critical in analytical chemistry for oxidizing reactions, notably the oxidative cleavage of glycols. This process breaks the covalent bonds between carbon atoms bonded to hydroxy groups, forming aldehydes and ketones.
Properties of Sodium Periodate
Sodium periodate is a white solid with a molecular weight of 213.89 and decomposes at 300°C. It is highly soluble in water but almost insoluble in organic solvents like ethanol. Its water solubility is 3.8 g/100 mL at 6°C, with a density of 3.865 g/mL.
Types of Sodium Periodate
Available in various quantities for research and development, sodium periodate is sold in 5g, 25g, 100g, and 500g packages. It remains stable under standard storage conditions and can be kept at room temperature.
Other Information on Sodium Periodate
1. Synthesis of Sodium Periodate
Synthesis involves dehydrating ortho-trisodium dihydrogen periodate (Na3H2IO6) in nitric acid or reacting sodium iodate with chlorine or sodium iodide with bromine in a sodium hydroxide solution.
2. Chemical Reaction of Sodium Periodate
Utilized primarily as an oxidant in organic synthesis, sodium periodate’s solubility in water necessitates using auxiliary solvents for reactions with hydrophobic substrates. Its key reaction involves cleaving 1,2-diols to form aldehydes or ketones.
3. Hazard and Regulatory Information on Sodium Periodate
As an oxidizing solid (Category 2 under GHS classification), sodium periodate can exacerbate fires. It is stable when stored properly but can form explosive mixtures with reducing agents and fine metal powders. It is regulated by law due to these hazards, requiring careful handling and appropriate protective measures.