投稿者: tama0512

What Is an Electric Crimping Machine?

An electric crimping machine is a device that can crimp wires electrically.

It is an indispensable tool for connecting wires, using the crimping technique to crush the terminals and join the wires together. Electric crimping machines are especially useful for joining wires.

Manual crimping machines also exist, but they are characterized by the fact that it is often difficult to crush thick wires by hand. In comparison, electric crimping machines will not only make it easier to join wires, but they also speed up the crimping process.

Electric crimping machines are excellent equipment for efficient wiring operations. Compared to manual crimping machines, which are labor-intensive, electric crimping machines reduce the burden on the operator and help shorten the work time.

Uses of Electric Crimping Machines

Electric crimping machines are primarily used to join wires together. Specifically, they are used in switchboards and control panels, telecommunications equipment, automobiles, aircraft, railcars, construction equipment, and wire repair and maintenance work. Electric crimping machines also contribute to improved work efficiency, significantly reducing work time and labor compared to manual methods.

In addition to directly soldering wires, they can be joined more firmly by crimping. The stress of the crimp terminal acts on the wire, causing it to return to its original position after being crushed and joined, resulting in a stronger bond.

In addition, a mechanically superior bond can be created. This makes it useful for a variety of equipment that requires a highly secure bond. Especially in the case of thick conductors, it is difficult to crush them by force, requiring an electric crimping machine that can easily crimp them.

Principle of Electric Crimping Machines

Electric crimping machines are powered by an electric motor to join wires and wires together. The basic dynamic principle is that the wires are clamped onto the crimp terminals, and the crimp terminals are crimped onto the wires by applying force with the electric motor. This crimping operation results in a strong bond between the wire and the crimp terminal, and provides a high degree of reliability.

One of the features of electric crimping machines is that they can perform accurate crimping automatically. A constant crimping force can be applied regardless of the wire thickness or the amount of bundled wires. With a manual crimping machine, the force must be adjusted according to the thickness of the wires, whereas with an electric crimping machine, the crimping force can be accurately controlled by an electric motor.

However, it should be noted that electric crimping machines have the disadvantage of being heavier than manual crimping machines. For rechargeable types, the built-in battery makes them considerably heavier. Also, in models that are connected to a power source, the length of the cord may limit the range of use.

Types of Electric Crimping Machines

There are three main types of electric crimping machines: handheld electric crimping machines, bench electric crimping machines, and multi-die head electric crimping machines. In order to select the appropriate electric crimping machine, it is necessary to compare the type, performance, and price according to the situation in which it will be used and the work to be performed.

1. Hand-Held Electric Crimping Machine

This hand-held type electric crimping machine is lightweight, easy to use, and portable. The electric type makes crimping work easy to perform. It is used for a wide range of applications, from general wiring work to electrical work, automobiles, aircraft, communication equipment, and construction equipment.

2. Bench Type Electric Crimping Machine

This is a large electric crimping machine and can be fixed to a bench. Suitable for large-size crimping operations, it is mainly used in the aircraft, railroad car, automobile, and heavy electric machinery industries. Since the machine is fixed to a bench, it can maintain a constant crimping force, enabling high-quality crimping operations.

3. Multi Die Head Type Electric Crimping Machine

This type of electric crimping machine has multiple dies and can perform crimping operations for different sizes at the same time. Normally, when done manually, it is necessary to change dies, but a multi-die head type electric crimping machine saves time and effort. It is mainly used in electrical construction and telecommunication equipment.

What Is Iron Removal Equipment?

Iron removal equipment are devices that remove iron from well water.

Chemicals are used to oxidize and extract the iron contained in the water, and the filtered well water can be used as drinking water or domestic water.

You can choose the size of iron removal equipment that best suits your site, from small to medium-sized facilities to large facilities such as educational facilities, nursing homes, and hospitals. Iron removal equipment capable of removing iron, manganese, and hardness components is also available.

Uses of Iron Removal Equipment

Iron removal equipment allows a wide range of uses for well water, including general drinking water, miscellaneous water, and industrial water. In cases where well water cannot be used due to high iron concentrations, iron removal equipment can be installed between the well pump and indoor piping to make the water even safer to use.

In particular, ion-exchange iron removal equipment can soften all the water used in daily life. In addition to iron removal and manganese removal from well water, hardness components are removed, and water softening is possible with only one iron removal equipment.

Unlike the conventional system installed at the faucet, the Iron removal equipment can be installed between the well and indoor piping to soften all the water in the home, making it possible to supply soft water for cooking, bathing, washing clothes, and all other daily water needs.

Principle of Iron Removal Equipment

There are two types of iron removal methods: ion exchange and contact oxidation, and the principle of each method differs.

1. Ion Exchange Method

Ion exchange resin is a water treatment system that uses ion exchange resin. Ion exchange resins are a type of synthetic resin, also called ion exchange polymers. It has a molecular structure that ionizes as an ion exchange group and can adsorb and treat iron ions contained in water. At the same time, it can remove hardness components and soften water.

When iron, manganese, and hardness components adsorbed on the ion exchange resin become saturated, the removal performance decreases. Therefore, the regeneration cycle should be considered depending on the water quality.

Regeneration refers to the cleaning of the inside of the equipment, which is essential for all ion-exchange systems. The iron, manganese, and hardness components are stripped from the adsorbed components by using a displacement agent, such as special boiler salt. Regeneration of removal capacity through filter material cleaning ensures long-term stability of operation and provides water treated by iron removal equipment.

2. Contact Oxidation Method

Iron can be removed by adding sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) to force the iron in the water to react and then filtered through a device such as a sand filter. Sand, anthracite, berm, and ceramic grains can be used as filter media.

Iron in groundwater exists primarily as ferrous bicarbonate. The reaction of ferrous bicarbonate with sodium hypochlorite produces Fe(OH)3 and Fe2O3-3H2O, which are insoluble substances (English: suspended solids).

Insoluble Fe(OH)3 and Fe2O3-3H2O are also formed when iron in groundwater comes into contact with oxygen in the air or dissolved oxygen in raw water.

How to Choose Iron Removal Equipment

The choice should take into account the advantages and disadvantages of ion exchange and contact oxidation methods.

1. Ion Exchange Method

Iron removal equipment can be used even with high iron concentrations, and water softening is possible with only one unit. It can be applied to small amounts of water, regenerates in a short time, and does not use chlorine, making it safe and corrosion-free. It does not take up much space for installation, can be regenerated according to the amount of water, and saves boiler salt. However, it cannot be sterilized and requires a separate sterilizer depending on the situation. It also does not remove oxidized iron.

2. Contact Oxidation Method

Chlorine is used to remove iron and sterilize the water at the same time. The chlorine used is inexpensive, but it is difficult to remove iron at concentrations higher than 2 ppm, and a separate water softener is required to soften the water. It takes a lot of space for installation, requires a large amount of treated water, and takes a long time for back washing and regeneration. The use of highly concentrated chlorine causes corrosion of pipes, etc., and maintenance of the filtration system is costly.

What Is an Ultrasonic Polishing Machine?

Ultrasonic polishing machines are polishing machines that use ultrasonic waves.

They are useful in situations that are difficult to handle with conventional large abrasives, grinders, and tools. Ultrasonic polishing machines are characterized by their ability to perform polishing operations efficiently. This is done by attaching a blade or grinding wheel to the tip of the machine and applying minute vibrations at tens of thousands of times per second.

The high polishing performance also enables processing in a short time, contributing to improved productivity. Furthermore, the ultrasonic polisher can be used for micro-structured surfaces and brittle materials, enabling processing that has been difficult with other types of polishers.

Because of these features, ultrasonic polishing machines are used in a wide range of fields, and further applications are expected as this technology continues to evolve.

Uses of Ultrasonic Polishing Machines

Ultrasonic polishing machines are suitable for pinpoint polishing and finishing operations and can be used to process fine details. In particular, they are utilized for deburring electronic parts and precision equipment. Ultrasonic polishing machines can efficiently remove burrs from minute areas that are difficult to approach with conventional polishing machines.

They are also useful in the engraving and precious metal processing fields. Because of their ability to work with fine detail, they can create beautiful designs using advanced processing techniques. In addition, the polishing process reduces alteration and distortion of the material, making it suitable for processing precious jewelry.

Principle of Ultrasonic Polishing Machines

Ultrasonic polishing machines use ultrasonic micro-vibrations to perform polishing, and depending on the uses of the machine, they can be used for ultrasonic spindle processing or ultrasonic abrasive processing.

Both types of polishing are performed by sending ultrasonic vibrations to the tip, causing minute vibrations of tens of thousands of times per second. Depending on the frequency of these vibrations, it is possible to adjust the accuracy of the processing and the polishing speed.

1. Ultrasonic Spindle Processing

This method involves attaching a grinding wheel to the tip of an ultrasonic polishing machine and polishing the surface. A horn is connected to the grinding wheel, which rotates to send ultrasonic vibrations to the grinding wheel.

Cutting oil is applied to the polished surface for efficient polishing. The surface can be polished to a high degree of accuracy.

2. Ultrasonic Abrasive Grain Processing

This is a method of polishing by pouring minute abrasive grains under an ultrasonic polishing machine. Here, too, ultrasonic vibrations applied to the horn are transmitted to the processing tool at the tip. However, it is the abrasive grains underneath that actually grind the surface. It is possible to polish minute holes and large surfaces at the same time.

Types of Ultrasonic Polishing Machines

There are several types of ultrasonic polishing machines, mainly handheld, table, and automated types. It is important to select the ultrasonic polishing machine that best suits your application and work environment.

1. Hand-Held Type

Hand-held ultrasonic polishing machines are small, hand-held, hand-operated polishing machines. Due to their compactness, they are especially suited for polishing small spaces and fine details. Their portability also makes them convenient for on-site work.

2. Table Type

Table type ultrasonic polishing machines are those that work on a fixed work table. They are suitable for precision processing and mass production, and enable high-precision polishing in a stable work environment.

3. Automated Type

Automated ultrasonic polishing machines combine robots and automatic transfer systems to perform polishing operations automatically. They ensure high productivity and polishing quality while reducing the burden on the operator. They are suitable for large-scale production lines and repetitive tasks.

4. Micro Type

Micro ultrasonic polishing machines are used when polishing of very small dimensions is required. They are suitable for processing the smallest parts of electronic components and medical devices, and are characterized by their precision. They are used in fields where extremely high polishing precision is required.

5. Underwater Type

Submersible ultrasonic polishing machines are specialized for underwater polishing work. They have a waterproof structure suitable for underwater work and are used for maintenance and repair work on ships and underwater structures. They are also effective in reducing the scattering of polishing dust, contributing to an improved work environment.

What Is an Ultrasonic Disperser?

An ultrasonic disperser is a device that disperses substances and accelerates reactions. It is also called an ultrasonic homogenizer because it uses ultrasonic waves to homogenize substances.

Mixing substances is fundamental to processing, but some substances, such as water and oil, do not mix easily. One of the reasons why substances are difficult to mix is that their particles are of different sizes. Ultrasonic dispersers can be used to grind particles finely and align the particle sizes of substances.

In addition, compared to other milling methods, ultrasonic dispersers do not use milling media (e.g., beads) and are therefore less prone to contamination and easier to maintain. Because of these advantages, ultrasonic dispersers are used in many fields.

Uses of Ultrasonic Dispersers

Ultrasonic dispersers provide many advantages in manufacturing by homogenizing the particles of a substance. They can successfully mix substances that are difficult to mix with each other and stabilize quality.

Surfactants are used for difficult-to-mix combinations such as water and oil, but it is difficult to mix them uniformly when added alone. Ultrasonic dispersers and surfactants can be used together to mix water and oil effectively.

Ultrasonic dispersers are widely used in the food manufacturing industry and are useful for products such as mayonnaise, juice, and cream. They also contribute to the improvement of ink quality in the manufacture of printing-related products.

Principle of Ultrasonic Dispersers

Ultrasonic dispersers consist of a transducer, an oscillator, and a horn, which irradiates ultrasonic waves into the liquid to homogenize the material. The output from the oscillator is converted into vibrations by the vibrating elements in the transducer and radiated from the horn into the liquid.

When vibrations are generated in the liquid, pressurization and depressurization are repeated, creating a vacuum bubble called cavitation. The shock wave generated when the bubble breaks generates a large flow in the liquid, and the flow brings the solidified particles into contact with each other, breaking up the particles into smaller clumps.

The characteristic feature of ultrasonic dispersers is that they do not exert an external physical impact, but rather homogenize the substance through contact between particles. Therefore, the dispersed particles are easily formed into a spherical shape, making it suitable for the final process of dispersion.

Types of Ultrasonic Dispersers

Ultrasonic dispersers are a widely used technology in a variety of fields. There are five main types: batch ultrasonic dispersers, in-line ultrasonic dispersers, hand-held ultrasonic dispersers, low-frequency ultrasonic dispersers, and high-frequency ultrasonic dispersers. By selecting the appropriate type according to application and performance, effective dispersion processing can be achieved.

1. Batch-Type Ultrasonic Disperser

A batch ultrasonic disperser is a type of equipment that processes a fixed amount of liquid in a container. A specific amount of sample can be processed at a time, making it suitable for use in laboratories and on small production lines. This type is also suitable for evaluation in the experimental or prototype stage.

2. In-Line Ultrasonic Disperser

In-line ultrasonic dispersers are a type of equipment that perform processing in a continuous flow. It is suitable for mass production or when continuous processing is required. By continuously irradiating ultrasonic waves into the flowing liquid, efficient and uniform dispersion processing is possible.

3. Hand-Held Ultrasonic Disperser

Handheld ultrasonic dispersers are small, hand-held devices. They are suitable for simple dispersion processing and for use in situations where space and containers are limited. Their portability and flexibility make them useful for research or when flexibility is required in the field.

4. Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Disperser

Low-frequency ultrasonic dispersers are devices that operate in the lower frequency range. It can effectively disperse large particles and masses. It is suitable for processing large particles into smaller ones efficiently in the fields of construction materials and ceramics.

5. High-Frequency Ultrasonic Disperser

High-frequency ultrasonic dispersers are devices that operate in the high frequency range. They are excellent for dispersing fine particles and stabilizing emulsions. They are suitable for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and nanotechnology fields that handle fine particles and require high dispersion performance.

What Is a Color Illuminance Meter?

A color illuminance meter is an instrument used to measure the color and brightness of light.

It combines the function of a color illuminance meter, which measures the brightness of light, with the function of measuring the color of light. A color illuminance meter measures the intensity of light emitted from a light source per unit area and displays it in lux.

The color of the light is displayed by analyzing the wavelength of the light and measuring the spectral characteristics and color temperature of the light-emitting substance.

Uses of Color Illuminance Meters

Color Illuminance Meters are widely used for light quality control and design/adjustment in lighting and display devices.

Specific applications include:

1. Lighting Design

It is used in lighting design for buildings, stores, and offices to measure light intensity, color temperature, and color gamut, and to propose appropriate lighting. It is also useful in evaluating the performance of existing lighting equipment and planning for retrofits.

2. Product Evaluation

It is used to evaluate and improve light performance in the development of lighting fixtures, displays, and other products. It can evaluate the color reproducibility, uniformity, and brightness consistency of a product.

3. Color Management

It is used to ensure accurate color reproduction in color management for printing and painting. By quantifying color differences and matching them to specified values, consistent quality can be maintained.

4. Health/Safety Management

It is also used to measure the impact of light on health. For example, improper light intensity or color temperature can cause problems, such as eyestrain and sleep disorders. In addition, proper lighting environments must be ensured in safety management at factories and construction sites.

5. Research and Development

In research and development related to light, it is used to evaluate the characteristics of light and light sources. For example, in the development of LEDs, it is important to check the uniformity of color temperature and color gamut. It is also used in the development of medical devices and sensing technologies that utilize light.

Principle of Color Illuminance Meters

The color illuminance meter consists mainly of a light-receiving part and an arithmetic part.

1. Light-Receiving Part

The photodetector is a light-sensing sensor that consists of an optical filter that transmits light in a specific wavelength range, a silicon photodiode (SiPD) as a light-receiving element, and a circuit that amplifies the output current. The light receiving part is usually equipped with a sensor that combines three optical filters and a light receiving element, each of which is sensitive to red, blue, and green, respectively, and is configured to transmit the output signal to an arithmetic unit.

2. Arithmetic Section

The calculation section calculates and displays the brightness and color of light based on the signals from the light receiving section. If the light-receiving part has three sensors with sensitivity in the red, green, and blue regions, the light intensity and color can be calculated from the magnitude of each sensor’s signal.

Furthermore, since the color illuminance meter must numerically evaluate the color as seen by the human eye, the computing section adjusts the sensitivity so that the sensitivity to each wavelength of visible light matches that of the human eye.

3. Other

Color thermometers and spectral distribution meters spectrally measure the wavelength distribution of light and calculate the color temperature and color gamut, which represent the color of light, based on this information.

Types of Color Illuminance Meter

Color illuminance meters are instruments used to measure light intensity and color information. There are different types of color illuminance meters, but the typical types are as follows:

1. Spectroradiometer

Spectroradiometers measure the wavelength spectrum of light. It evaluates the intensity of light at each wavelength and analyzes the color and spectral distribution from the results. It is used for advanced color measurement and color consulting.

2. Color Thermometer

A color thermometer measures the color temperature of a light source. Color temperature is a measure of the hue of light expressed in Kelvin (K). It is used to adjust the color of lighting environments and in fields such as photography and video production.

3. Colorimeter

A colorimeter evaluates the color difference between a measured color and a standard color. The color difference is an indicator of color differences and is expressed as a numerical value, such as ΔE. They are used in quality control, manufacturing, and printing industries to help ensure color consistency and accuracy.

While these are common types of color illuminance meters, there are actually a variety of products that combine a variety of special features and applications. It is important to select the best color illuminance meter based on your specific application and requirements.

More Color Illuminance Meter Information

Notes on the Use of Color Illuminance Meters

Since color illuminance meters evaluate color based on the intensity of light hitting the light-sensitive area, the way the light hits the light-sensitive area is important. Specifically, the angle at which the light strikes and the distance from the light source are important.

The silicon photodiode is located at the back of the photosensitive area, so if light enters the photosensitive area at an angle, the light hitting the photosensitive area will be biased and the measured values will be distorted. Install the diode in such a way that the light incident is perpendicular to the light receiving section.

Also, since illuminance is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the light source, measuring at a distance from the light source will result in a relatively large error due to weak light. If the light source is too close, the light-receiving part will be saturated, and accurate measurement will not be possible.

Although it depends on the intensity (brightness) of the light source, it is generally advisable to measure at a distance of about 1 meter.

What Is Waterproof Sandpaper?

Waterproof sandpaper is a special type of paper used to give painted surfaces a smooth, beautiful finish.

It removes surface dirt and rust, blurs scratches, and improves adhesion while wetting the surface with water. It also has a matte finish, making the finish more aesthetic and functional.

Abrasive paper is available in a variety of grit sizes ranging from 120 to 3,000. When selecting the appropriate abrasive paper, it is important to consider the conditions of the surface to be polished, abrasiveness, durability, strength, and ease of use. Waterproof sandpaper provides an excellent finish. Painted surfaces will have a beautiful and functional finish and can be used for a variety of applications.

Uses of Waterproof Sandpaper

Waterproof sandpaper is first utilized for metal polishing. It is often used to finish watch cases and metal products, and is useful in situations where a beautiful finish is required. Another feature of this product is that it is also used for polishing vehicle painted surfaces, repairing scratches, and polishing stainless steel for shell mufflers.

It is also used in the woodworking field. It plays an important role as an indispensable tool for fabric polishing and instrument manufacturing. Furthermore, they are also used for sharpening surfacers before painting and polishing painted surfaces.

It is also useful for removing stains from resin products and can be used to rough polish metal substrates and eliminate unevenness in products. It is also suitable for pre-treatment of mirror finish and paint polishing of fuel tanks.

In addition, waterproof sandpaper may also be used to remove hand stains from ceramics and to polish stains from stainless steel products. It is also useful for cleaning washroom areas and toilets.

Principle of Waterproof Sandpaper

Waterproof sandpaper differs from regular abrasive paper in that it can be wetted with water. Waterproof sandpaper is based on a special paper or cloth with abrasive particles evenly distributed at regular intervals. The abrasive particles are made of hard materials such as aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and diamonds, and they exert their polishing effect by scraping the surface to be polished.

Waterproof sandpaper can be wetted with water because of the use of water-resistant adhesives such as resin or rubber. The addition of water removes dust and wear particles generated during polishing and keeps the polished surface fresh.

Water also cools the heat generated during polishing and minimizes surface damage caused by friction. This is the reason why waterproof sandpaper produces a beautiful finish.

Furthermore, waterproof sandpaper is available in many types and particle sizes, making it possible to select the most suitable one for the application and for the material to be polished. Selecting the appropriate particle size enables efficient polishing operations.

Features of Waterproof Sandpaper

Waterproof sandpaper consists of natural or man-made abrasives uniformly bonded to the surface of a base paper with an adhesive. Artificial abrasives, such as silicon carbide and fused alumina, have the advantage of producing uniform abrasive paper.

Black silicon carbide, with its hard and easy to apply properties, is one of the most widely used abrasives. Paper used for abrasive paper includes kraft paper, and latex-treated paper. 

Latex-treated paper is often used for the standard type of waterproof sandpaper, which is available in a wide variety of materials, including metal, wood, resin, and stone. Resins such as phenolic and epoxy resins are used as adhesives, which have excellent water and heat resistance and strong adhesive strength.

High abrasive power, meaning the ability to polish in a short period, results in a rougher finished surface, while a better finished surface results in a lower abrasive power. It is important to choose according to the uses of the work, which is more important, the polishing power or the roughness of the finished surface.

Other Information on Waterproof Sandpaper

1. Numbers on Waterproof Sandpaper

Abrasive paper and abrasive cloths always have a number on the reverse side. The number indicates the size of the abrasive grains applied to the abrasive paper or cloth and is the standard for roughness.

The size of abrasive grains is called “grain size,” which specifies the upper and lower limits of grain size. The smaller the number, the larger and rougher the abrasive grain, and the larger the number, the smaller and more suitable for finishing. These are the factors that determine the surface accuracy, which is the surface finish of the polishing process.

The number of grit is generally referred to as coarse, medium, fine, etc., but there are no specific rules for these names, and experience is the key to determining what grit size will give what level of finish and how to use the different grit sizes.

2. Composition of Waterproof Sandpaper

Abrasive paper consists of three components: paper, adhesive, and abrasive grains.

Paper Materials
AW is soft and suitable for curved surfaces, while EW is a hard paper base material suitable for use on machines such as belt sanders.

Abrasive Grain
Abrasive grains are available in natural and artificial materials. Natural abrasives are not uniform in properties and shape, and in recent years, most abrasive cloth and paper are made of artificial abrasives. They are represented by the symbol G (garnet), silicon carbide (CC), dissolved alumina (AA, AW), etc.

Some abrasive grains are made of diamonds, but these are used under names such as diamond sheets, which are a separate category from so-called abrasive papers.

Adhesive
There are two types of adhesives: natural adhesives (glue, gelatin, etc.) and synthetic resin adhesives (phenolic resin, epoxy resin, etc.), which differ in abrasiveness, surface roughness, clogging, and other characteristics. They are distinguished by the symbols G (glue), R (resin), and W (water-resistant resin).

What Is an Insulation Coating?

Insulation coatings are products that can produce an insulating film through a coating process.

There are various types of components contained, such as polyimide-based and epoxy resin-based. When an insulation coating is applied to an object to be coated, a highly insulating film is formed on the surface.

This insulating film makes it difficult for electricity to leak from the object, which is effective in preventing electric shock accidents due to electrical leakage. In addition to the common methods of spraying and dipping, electrostatic coating and electrodeposition coating are also widely used for insulation coatings, which provide excellent uniformity of film thickness.

Uses of Insulation Coatings

Insulation coatings are mainly used to insulate parts of products that are subject to high voltages, such as automobiles and home appliances. Coating with insulation coatings can increase resistance to voltage.

For example, since electric and hybrid vehicles use electricity as their power source, high voltage resistance is required for peripheral components, such as batteries and motors. Insufficient resistance to voltage can lead to electrical leakage, which in some cases can cause accidents such as fires. Insulation coating is an important process from the viewpoint of accident prevention.

Principle of Insulation Coatings

Insulation coatings are products that coat the surface of an object with a highly insulating insulator. Since insulators are materials that do not conduct electricity, they can be used for objects that require voltage resistance. There are three energy levels of electrons in an object: the valence band, the forbidden band, and the conduction band.

Of these three, the valence band, forbidden band, and conduction band are the highest energy levels, in that order. In general, electrons tend to be pinched from the valence band, which has the lowest energy. It is the electrons in the higher energy conduction band that have the greatest effect on conductivity. In conductors such as metals, some electrons exist in the conduction band. The free movement of electrons in the conduction band allows electricity to flow.

In insulators, on the other hand, electrons exist in the valence band but not in the conduction band. Electrons can be excited from a lower energy level to a higher level using the energy of light or heat.

Insulators have the property of requiring a great deal of energy to excite electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. This makes it practically impossible to excite electrons to the conduction band, resulting in a non-electrical state.

Other Information on Insulation Coatings

1. Application of Insulation Coatings on Printed Circuit Boards

In printed circuit boards, rust is a cause of failure earlier than the durability period. As a countermeasure, a moisture-proof insulation coating is used. This enables long-term use and stable operation. However, despite high demand, stable production is no longer possible due to various factors.

The biggest challenge is the long drying time. The drying time for moisture-proof insulation coatings is estimated to be 24 hours, making these coatings unsuitable for mass production. The poor productivity did not match the demand. As a countermeasure, we aimed to shorten the drying time by increasing the heating temperature, but this created other issues, such as additional equipment and higher running costs. This also placed a heavy burden on the product itself and was not feasible.

The fluorinated coating agent solved this problem and realized stable mass production. It boasts a high quick-drying performance and dries completely in 15 minutes. Compared to the conventional 24-hour drying time, the drying speed has been significantly shortened, resulting in improved production efficiency.

The ability to demonstrate performance at lower temperatures and lower film thicknesses than conventional coatings means that running costs can be expected to be reduced. The important performance of the film is also no problem in terms of flexibility, waterproofing, and heat resistance, as well as moisture-proof insulation.

2. The Future of Insulation Coatings

As electric vehicles become increasingly popular, their component shapes are becoming more complex, and technologies that enable more uniform coating are required. In the electrodeposition coating method, improvements are being made by changing the composition of the coating solution.

What Is a Magnetic Barrel Finishing Machine?

Magnetic barrel finishing machines are machines that use magnetic force to vibrate and rotate to perform polishing operations.

Magnetic barrel finishing machines are characterized by the use of magnetized abrasive grains to polish the surface of the object. The abrasive grains are made to move in various ways by the magnetic force, and when they collide with the object, the surface is gradually polished.

The superiority of magnetic barrel finishing machines is that they can easily polish even objects with complex shapes. In addition, since no special skills are required and anyone can work with ease, the machine can be used for a wide range of applications. Furthermore, polishing time is short, enabling efficient work.

Uses of Magnetic Barrel Finishing Machines

The main uses of magnetic barrel finishing machines are deburring and surface polishing of metals. The collision of abrasive grains caused by high-speed rotation effectively polishes the surface. Because they are capable of polishing even complex shapes, they are also suitable for intricate shapes and minute metal parts that normal polishing machines cannot handle.

Furthermore, magnetic barrel finishing machines can provide excellent performance for polishing operations in a short period. They do not require specialized skills, and their high polishing speed makes them easy for anyone to use. Because of their convenience, they are useful in many industries.

The wide range of uses of magnetic barrel finishing machines is due to their characteristics and ease of use, enabling efficient polishing operations in a short time. They are useful in situations where objects with complex shapes and limited time are required for polishing.

Principle of Magnetic Barrel Finishing Machines

There are several methods for moving abrasive grains, such as vibration and rotation, but the one mainly used is the rotary magnetic barrel finishing machine. The rotary magnetic barrel finishing machine uses magnetic force to rotate the abrasive grains, which are then bumped against the object to be polished.

The unique feature of the polishing machine is that it has a container with a magnet and a rotating disc attached to the bottom of the container. The container is filled with the object to be polished, magnetic abrasive grains, water, and compound. As the magnet rotates with the rotating disc, the magnetic abrasive grains in the container move violently and polishing is performed.

The compound is a surfactant, which makes it possible to polish while cleaning the surface of the object. The greatest advantage of magnetic barrel finishing machines is the simplicity of the polishing process. Simply place the material in the container, press the switch, and polishing begins automatically. Skilled techniques are not required, and efficient polishing can be done in a short time.

Types of Magnetic Barrel Finishing Machines

In addition to the rotary magnetic barrel finishing machines described in the principle of section, there are also vibratory magnetic barrels finishing machines, centrifugal, magnetic barrel finishing machines, and magnetic disk finishing machines. Each model has its own principle of and features, so it is important to select the right one for your application.

1. Vibratory Magnetic Barrel Finishing Machine

Vibratory magnetic barrel finishing machines use magnetic force to vibrate the abrasive grains and strike the object for polishing. The short polishing time and high polishing power make it suitable for high-volume polishing operations and polishing of hard materials.

2. Centrifugal Magnetic Barrel Finishing Machine

The Centrifugal magnetic barrel finishing machine uses magnetic and centrifugal forces to rotate abrasive grains at high speed and strike the object for polishing. Because of its extremely high polishing power, it is suitable for high-volume polishing operations or when high-quality polishing in a short time is required.

3. Magnetic Disk Polisher

Magnetic disk polishers use magnetic force to arrange abrasive grains in the shape of a disk and polish objects while rotating them on the disk. They are particularly suitable for polishing flat surfaces and thin parts.

In addition, magnetic disk polishers are easy to adjust the polishing force and can be used for delicate polishing operations. Furthermore, the discs are easily interchangeable, so polishing with abrasive grains of different coarseness can be performed smoothly.

What Is Thermal Fluid Analysis Software?

Thermal fluid analysis software is software that can express and analyze fluid flow and heat transfer through simulation by solving modeled equations using a computer.

It is difficult to read the flow motion of fluids, such as liquids and gases, from actual phenomena through experiments. By using simulation to visualize, it is possible to grasp the “flow” visually, which is difficult to see, and to analyze it quantitatively.

Thermal fluid analysis software can represent the velocity of the fluid, the magnitude of the pressure, the temperature distribution, and the change of state, etc., and visually capture them. This is useful for checking and analyzing the selection of the optimal flow path, the shape of the object, and the maximum achievable temperature during simulation settings.

Uses of Thermal Fluid Analysis Software

Thermal fluid analysis software is used in a variety of fields, including engineering and industry, as well as the space and aerospace industries. Simulation is effective because heat and fluids are difficult to actually visualize.

Furthermore, in the space and aerospace industries, it is not possible to conduct many actual experiments due to cost and physical considerations. Therefore, it is very important to analyze through simulation and verify the possibilities in various environments.

For example, in the aerospace industry, thermal fluid analysis software is used to simulate the design of a tail fin shape. This is useful in selecting the optimal tail fin shape. In addition, thermal fluid analysis software is widely used to simulate the movement of fluid through piping, changes in pressure, and the rotation of screw blades and other components.

Principle of Thermal Fluid Analysis Software

Figure 1. Basic equations of thermal fluid analysis software

There are three basic equations for thermo-fluids: the equation of continuity (conservation of mass), the equation of conservation of momentum (Navier-Stokes equation), and the law of conservation of energy (conservation of energy). Thermal fluid analysis software derives various physical quantities by solving the equations with a computer based on these physical laws.

1. Continuity Equation (Conservation of Mass)

The rule is that there is no such thing as “something out of nothing,” where a fluid springs out of nothing or suddenly disappears in the middle of an empty space.

2. Conservation Law of Momentum (Navier-Stokes Equations)

It is a law that the intensity of motion of an object does not change unless some external force is applied to it. In fact, it is derived from Newton’s equations of motion.

3. Conservation of Energy Law

It is a law that energy does not increase or decrease on its own unless it is given externally. Energy includes internal energy such as temperature and kinetic energy such as velocity, but the sum of all of them is the same.

Thermal Fluid Analysis Software Configuration

Figure 2. Thermo-fluid analysis software configuration

Commercial thermal fluid analysis software often includes model creation, simulation execution, and post-processing. However, there are some software packages that only include the simulation execution part (solver) or software dedicated to the model creation part.

1. Pre-Processing Part

Preprocessing is the process of creating the geometry for thermal-fluid analysis. In most cases, file formats such as STEP, IGES, Parasolid, etc., created in 3D CAD can be used.

Thermal fluid analysis software also provides the ability to set boundary conditions, such as where fluid flows into the structure and where the temperature is constant. To perform calculations, the geometry of the model is represented by a grid called a mesh.

Creating a clean mesh is an important factor in increasing the speed and accuracy of the analysis. Modeling software is equipped with a function that allows the user to select the size of the mesh easily and automatically generate a high-quality mesh.

2. Analysis Part

It refers to the part of the software commonly known as the solver. Thermal fluid analysis software in the narrow sense of the term refers to this part of the software. Solvers are equipped with functions for solving continuity equations, momentum conservation equations, energy conservation equations, and so on.

Nowadays, solvers are equipped with the ability to solve more complex models and to perform calculations at higher speeds in response to improvements in computer performance.

3. Post-Processing Part

By visualizing the analysis results with 3D models, etc., the analysis results can be understood more intuitively. Analysis functions have different features depending on the product.

From the calculation results, contour plots showing pressure and temperature distribution in different colors, vector plots showing flow with arrows, and stream plots with lines can be created.

Types of Thermal Fluid Analysis Software

Figure 3. Schematic of thermal fluid analysis software functions

First, there are two main methods for representing fluids: discretizing a single space. The finite element method and the finite volume method are well-known methods.

On the other hand, there is the particle method, which represents the fluid as a collection of particles. As described above, there are various CAE-specific methods, techniques, and functions, so it is necessary to set the optimal method and conditions for each simulation, depending on the phenomenon to be simulated, and it is important to select software that has such functions.

Thermal fluid analysis software ranges from simple and easy-to-use to multifunctional software that is used by thermal fluid analysis professionals. It is important to consider what phenomena you want to analyze and what you need. In addition, there are differences in the license fee structure. Select the most appropriate software after clarifying the purpose of use and necessary functions.

What Is a Band Saw Machine?

A band saw machine (band saw) is a machine used to cut plate or cylindrical components, such as wood or metal.

The band-shaped blade rotates at high-speed to perform the cutting operation. It is also called a band saw. The characteristic feature of a band saw machine is that the blades are band-shaped and looped.

The blade, which rotates at high speed inside, is partially exposed and can cut efficiently by moving the blade or material while applying it to the material. On the other hand, compared to the reciprocating circular sawing machine, the band sawing machine is attractive because of its high chip evacuation performance.

Band saws are particularly suitable for cutting thick materials and for cutting at high speeds. In addition, unlike the thread sawing machine with a straight blade, the band sawing machine is faster in cutting speed, which is expected to improve work efficiency.

Uses of Band Saw Machines

Uses of band saw machines, mainly cutting plates, bars, and pipes of wood and plastic. Depending on the model, they can also be used to cut metal components and food products.

Vertical band saws are generally used for cutting boards. Cutting is performed by moving the plate side, which allows for efficient operation. On the other hand, horizontal band sawing machines are suitable for cutting bars and pipes, where the horizontally positioned blade is pushed against a fixed member.

Portable band saw machines that can be recharged are ideal for situations where a power source is not available at the work site or where the material needs to be fixed for cutting. It enables cutting work in a variety of locations and broadens the range of work.

Because of their versatile uses, band saws are widely used in the manufacturing and construction industries. By selecting the appropriate model and type, efficient and accurate cutting operations can be realized.

Principle of Band Saw Machines

Band saw machines are tools for cutting wood, metal, plastic, and other materials. The band saw blade is rotated at a high speed to cut the material efficiently.

The blade of a band saw is a wide strip of metal with teeth cut into it, which forms a ring. The wheeled blade rests on two wheels inside the machine and is driven by a motor that rotates it at high speed. To perform a cutting operation, the material is placed on a table and the part to be cut is pressed against the exposed blade. As the blade rotates, friction is created on the material, allowing it to be cut.

The principle of the band saw machine offers the advantages of higher chip evacuation performance and faster cutting speeds compared to the thread saw machine. In addition, the band saw blade does not move back and forth like a circular saw blade, resulting in less vibration and more stable cutting. An additional advantage is that it can cut complex shapes, including curves and straight lines.

Types of Band Saws

There are three main types of band saw machines: vertical band saw machines, horizontal band saw machines, and portable band saw machines. Understanding the different types of band saw machines and selecting the appropriate model for your application will ensure efficient and accurate cutting operations.

1. Vertical Band Saw 

Vertical band saws are generally used for cutting wood and plastic boards. Vertical band sawing machines are capable of cutting by rotating an upright blade at high speed and moving the cut material across the table. They are often used in furniture making and woodworking because they can easily cut curved and straight lines.

2. Horizontal Band Saw 

Horizontal band saws are mainly suitable for cutting metal and plastic bars and pipes. The material to be cut is held in place, and the horizontally positioned blade is pressed against it to perform the cut. This type is useful in metalworking, machining, and other workplaces.

3. Portable Band Saw 

The portable band saw is a rechargeable band sawing machine that can be used where a power source is not available or where mobility is required. Its small size and light weight make it easy to carry and very convenient for on-site work. It can be used in a variety of situations, including construction sites and outdoor work.