What Is Ethyl Butyrate?
Ethyl butyrate, also known as ethyl butanoate, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H12O. It is produced through esterification, a dehydration condensation reaction between butyric acid and ethanol, in the presence of sulfuric acid. This clear, colorless liquid is characterized by its diffusion into the air and a sweet, fruity aroma resembling bananas and pineapples.
Uses of Ethyl Butyrate
Primarily used as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages, ethyl butyrate also finds applications in fragrances for soaps and cosmetics, as well as solvents in lacquers, adhesives, and for masking unpleasant odors. Its fruity scent is considered somewhat stronger than that of ethyl acetate, which is often likened to apples.
Properties of Ethyl Butyrate
With a specific formula of C3H7COOC2H5, ethyl butyrate boasts a molecular weight of 116.16, a density of 0.875 g/mL at 25°C, and a boiling point of 120-121°C. It is highly soluble in organic solvents, such as alcohols and oils, but has very low solubility in water. Notable for its flammability, ethyl butyrate requires careful handling and storage away from fire or heat sources.
Other Information on Ethyl Butyrate
1. Safety and Toxicity
Found naturally in strawberry juice and apple honey, ethyl butyrate is safe for use in food additives at low concentrations. While not considered dangerous, it may irritate upon direct contact with the skin or respiratory tract if inhaled in vapor form. It is deemed to have minimal environmental hazards.
2. Isomers
Isomers sharing ethyl butyrate’s molecular formula include butyl acetate, pentyl formate, and propyl propionate. These esters are also utilized in fragrances and as solvents.
3. Ethyl Butyrate and Fruit Flavors
Esters of lower or intermediate carboxylic acids and alcohols, like ethyl butyrate, are key to creating a variety of fruit-like aromas. These esters are present in nature and detected in plant oils and fruit juices. The process of esterification transforms the odors of otherwise foul-smelling carboxylic acids (e.g., formic, acetic, butyric, and isovaleric acids) into pleasant fragrances, making for engaging and educational chemical experiments.