What Is Sodium Hydride?
Sodium hydride (NaH) is a gray crystalline powder known for its strong reducing properties, composed of sodium ions and hydride ions. It forms an ionic lattice and has notable applications due to its reactivity with acids, alkalis, and its ability to reduce various compounds.
Structure of Sodium Hydride
It exhibits a cubic NaCl crystal structure. An unusual variant, “inverse sodium hydride,” involves electron transfer from hydrogen to sodium, encapsulated by adamanzan to protect H+ from interaction with Na–.
Properties of Sodium Hydride
With a melting point of 800°C and a density of 1.39 g/cm3, sodium hydride is insoluble in most solvents and reacts explosively with water. It’s stable in dry air but can ignite spontaneously in moist conditions.
Uses of Sodium Hydride
As a base and reducing agent in organic chemistry, sodium hydride facilitates various condensation and reduction reactions. It’s also explored for hydrogen storage in fuel cells and other applications like sugar engineering and metal surface treatment.
Manufacturing and Handling
Produced by dispersing in oil or reacting metallic sodium with hydrogen, it’s available commercially in mineral oil dispersion. Classified for careful handling due to its spontaneous ignition in contact with water, it requires stringent storage and safety measures.
Regulatory and Safety Information
While not designated under some laws, it’s considered a spontaneously ignitable substance, requiring protective gear during handling and specific precautions to avoid moisture exposure and ensure safe storage.