What Is Bacitracin?
Bacitracin, an antibiotic, comprises a mixture of cyclic polypeptides. It originates from the Tracy strain of Bacillus subtilis, commonly found in soil and the human digestive system. The “Tracy strain” designation stems from its initial isolation from a leg wound of a girl named Margaret Tracy. Bacitracin’s principal component is bacitracin A.
Uses of Bacitracin
This antibiotic showcases potent antibacterial properties, predominantly against Gram-positive bacteria. It acts bactericidally by obstructing bacterial cell wall formation and cleaving DNA oxidatively. Due to its short action duration, topical application is required multiple times daily. Although bacitracin is nephrotoxic via intramuscular routes, potentially leading to renal failure, and is highly toxic orally, it is formulated into troches and ointments for safe topical wound application.
1. Lozenges
Bacitracin lozenges treat stomatitis from Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, preventing bacterial growth in the mouth, reducing inflammation, and alleviating pain. They are also used to ward off secondary infections after tooth extractions and oral surgeries.
2. Ointment
Barramycin, an antibiotic ointment, combines bacitracin and fradiomycin sulfate. Fradiomycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Their synergistic effect makes it a highly effective bactericidal and anti-inflammatory agent for treating purulent skin conditions, wounds, and burns. Being a topical medication, it rarely causes side effects, though kidney issues, hearing loss, and hypersensitivity reactions like rash and itching may occur.
Properties of Bacitracin
Focusing on bacitracin A, its chemical formula is C66H103N17O16S, with a molecular weight of 1,422.71. Its CAS number is 1405-87-4, and it’s listed in the Chemical Substances Control Law Official Gazette under publication number 8-474. Bacitracin, a white powder solid at ambient temperatures, melts between 221-225°C. It dissolves easily in water, is soluble in ethanol, and is almost insoluble in ether.
Other Information about Bacitracin
1. Manufacturing Method of Bacitracin
Produced by strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, bacitracin synthesis employs specific bacterial cultures.
2. Precautions for Handling and Storage
Handling Precautions
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, handle bacitracin cautiously to avoid contact. Always wear protective gloves, safety goggles with side shields, and long-sleeved protective clothing, and use local exhaust ventilation systems during handling.
Fire Response
In the event of a fire, use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, or sand to extinguish, as combustion may release toxic gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur oxides (SOx).
Eye Contact
If bacitracin contacts the eyes, rinse thoroughly with water to prevent damage and seek medical attention promptly.
Inhalation Response
If inhaled, move to an area with fresh air immediately. Provide artificial respiration if breathing has stopped, and consult a doctor if symptoms persist.
Storage Guidelines
Store bacitracin in a tightly sealed glass container within a refrigerator (2-10℃), away from direct sunlight, in a locked storage area.