What Is Chloroethane?
Chloroethane, also known as monochloroethane or ethyl chloride, is an alkyl halide with the chemical formula C2H5Cl. It is a type of organochlorine compound characterized by the replacement of one hydrogen atom in ethane with a chlorine atom.
Chloroethane is a colorless gas with an ethereal odor at room temperature and pressure. It has a melting point of -139°C, a boiling point of 12.3°C, and a density of 0.92 g/cm3. It is soluble in ethanol and acetone but insoluble in water.
Uses of Chloroethane
Historically, Chloroethane was primarily used as a raw material for tetraethyl lead, an anti-combustion agent in gasoline. Its use has declined due to environmental concerns. Other past uses included applications as a refrigerant, anesthetic, aerosol atomizer, and styrofoam blowing agent.
Currently, it is used industrially in the synthesis of ethylcellulose, a thickener, and binder in paints and cosmetics.
Properties of Chloroethane
Chloroethane is a white to pale yellow crystal or crystalline powder. It is flammable and classified as a metal corrosive, skin corrosive/irritant, and eye irritant under the GHS classification.
Structure of Chloroethane
The differential formula of Chloroethane is CH3CH2Cl, with a molar mass of 64.51 g/mol.
Other Information on Chloroethane
1. Synthesis of Chloroethane
Chloroethane was first synthesized by reacting ethanol with hydrochloric acid or zinc chloride. It can also be produced by adding hydrogen chloride to ethylene, using an aluminum chloride catalyst at high temperature and pressure. Additionally, Chloroethane is a byproduct in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride.
2. Reaction of Chloroethane
Chloroethane can react with a lead-sodium alloy to synthesize tetraethyllead, an anti-knock agent in engines. Tetraethyllead is a colorless, volatile liquid with a peculiar odor, flammable, and highly neurotoxic.
3. Hazards of Chloroethane
While Chloroethane is the least toxic of the chloroethanes, it can still depress the central nervous system. Inhalation of high concentrations can cause symptoms similar to alcohol intoxication, and prolonged exposure can be fatal. It is recommended to remove victims from exposure areas to regain consciousness, and prolonged exposure may require hydration and nutritional support for recovery.