What Is Bismuth Subgallate?
Bismuth subgallate, commonly known as “Delmatol,” is a compound with the molecular formula C7H5BiO6. It is yellow, odorless, and tasteless. This solid substance has a melting point of 223°C and is insoluble in water, alcohols, chloroform, and ether, but soluble in dilute alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide.
Due to its astringent properties, bismuth subgallate creates a protective barrier on the skin and mucous membranes, making it beneficial for treating skin wounds and hemorrhoids. It is also used as an oral antidiarrheal agent, helping to reduce intestinal motility by alleviating inflammation and irritation of the mucous membranes.
Uses of Bismuth Subgallate
Bismuth subgallate is versatile, with applications for both oral and topical treatments.
1. Oral Use
Orally, it is prescribed to manage diarrhea, with dosages for adults ranging from 1.5 to 4 g in divided doses throughout the day, based on symptoms and patient age. Long-term use is discouraged due to potential neuropsychiatric side effects such as anxiety and tremors.
2. Topical Application
Topically, bismuth subgallate aids in healing minor skin erosions, ulcers, and hemorrhoids. It can be used in various forms, including powders, ointments, and pastes, without any side effects.
3. Treatment of Peptic Ulcers
It is also applied in treating peptic ulcers, including those in the stomach and duodenum, by shielding the gastric mucosa and encouraging ulcer healing.
4. Antibacterial Therapy
Due to its antimicrobial properties, bismuth subgallate is effective against bacteria, notably Helicobacter pylori, which is linked to gastrointestinal issues and ulcers.
5. Antiviral Therapy
Emerging research suggests potential antiviral applications, with ongoing studies into its efficacy against specific viral infections.
6. Gastric Mucosa Protection
Its ability to safeguard the gastric lining from acidity plays a role in mitigating acid-related gastrointestinal discomfort.
7. Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases
The anti-inflammatory properties of bismuth subgallate are being explored for their effectiveness in managing conditions like arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
Properties of Bismuth Subgallate
As a compound derived from ellagic acid and bismuth, bismuth subgallate possesses notable properties:
1. Antioxidant Action
Known for its robust antioxidant capacity, it protects cells from oxidative stress, mirroring the antioxidant effects of its base components.
2. Antibacterial Activity
Its antimicrobial action inhibits the growth of certain pathogens, offering therapeutic potential in infectious disease management.
Other Information on Bismuth Subgallate
Bismuth Subgallate and Bismuth
Hypoglycolic acid, a member of the polyphenol family found in various plants and foods, exhibits antioxidant capabilities by neutralizing free radicals. When combined with bismuth in bismuth subgallate, the compound’s properties are modified, though bismuth alone can be toxic in certain conditions. The interaction and effects of this combination are currently under investigation.