What Is Pinene?
Pinene, an organic compound with the formula C10H16, is composed of α-pinene and β-pinene isomers, each having two mirror isomers. The isomers differ in the position of the double bond within their six- and four-membered ring structures. Pinene is the primary component of pine resin and essential oil, contributing to the distinctive fragrance of many conifers.
Uses of Pinene
α-Pinene is used in fragrances and pharmaceuticals, serving as a raw material for synthetic camphor, terpineol, and perillaldehyde, and as a solvent in paints. Myrcene, derived from pinene, is a precursor for menthol, citral, and other fragrances. α-Pinene and β-pinene are also used in the manufacture of adhesives and tackifiers through cationic polymerization.
Properties of Pinene
1. Biosynthesis and Purification:
Pinene is biosynthesized from geranyl diphosphate, with α-pinene and β-pinene differing in the desorption position of the final proton. Predominantly found in turpentine oil, pinene is extracted through segmental distillation.
2. Physical Properties:
α-Pinene, with a melting point of -67°F and boiling point of 313°F, is a clear liquid with a pine-like odor and a specific gravity of 0.8592 g/mL. β-Pinene, found in rosemary, parsley, and other herbs, has a melting point of -78.7°F, a boiling point of 330.8°F, and a specific gravity of 0.87 g/mL.
Types of Pinene
Pinene is available commercially both for research and industrial uses, sold as mixed isomers or pure substances. Reagent products are available in various volumes and can be stored at room temperature.
Other Information on Pinene
Safety and Regulations:
Both α-pinene and β-pinene require careful handling in compliance with safety regulations due to their chemical properties and potential hazards.