What Is Diphenyl Ether?
Diphenyl ether, also known as diphenyl oxide or phenylether, is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2O and CAS number 101-84-8.
Uses of Diphenyl Ether
Diphenyl ether finds applications as an agricultural and pharmaceutical raw material, heat-transfer medium, fragrance raw material, reaction solvent, and special resin raw material. It’s notably used in fragrances for soap, heat-transfer mediums, and pesticides. A mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl ether serves as a versatile heat transfer medium and solvent.
Alkoxy-substituted diphenyl ethers are used as insecticides, with methoprene being employed for mosquito and fly control and as a pet flea and lice control agent.
Properties of Diphenyl Ether
With a molecular weight of 170.210, diphenyl ether appears as a colorless liquid or crystal with a geranium-like aroma. It melts at 28°C and boils at 252-259°C. It has a density of 1.08 g/mL and is insoluble in water but highly soluble in ethanol and acetone.
Types of Diphenyl Ether
Diphenyl ether is primarily available as R&D reagent products and fine chemicals. Reagent-grade products come in various capacities and require storage below 25°C, while fine chemicals cater to industrial applications and are procured directly from manufacturers.
Other Information on Diphenyl Ether
1. Synthesis of Diphenyl Ether
Diphenyl ether is synthesized by reacting sodium phenoxide with bromobenzene in the presence of a base and copper catalyst. It’s also a byproduct of phenol synthesis from chlorobenzene hydrolysis under high pressure.
2. Chemical Reaction of Diphenyl Ether
Diphenyl ether ignites when heated, decomposing to produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other gases. It’s susceptible to various reactions typical of aromatic compounds, including hydroxylation, nitration, halogenation, and Friedel-Crafts reactions. Specific reactions include the Ferrario reaction, forming phenoxathiin from sulfur and aluminum chloride.
3. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers
These derivatives, obtained by brominating diphenyl ether, serve as flame retardants in electrical products, building materials, and textiles. They’re less toxic than polybrominated biphenyls and widely used in plastic products.