What Is Chenodeoxycholic Acid?
Chenodeoxycholic acid, a primary bile acid produced in the liver of birds, mammals, and fish, plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats. Its IUPAC name is 3α,7α-Dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid, also known as chenodiol or CDCA. Derived from the Greek word “keno” for duck, it was first isolated from this source.
Uses of Chenodeoxycholic Acid
1. Gallstone Dissolution
As a significant bile acid, chenodeoxycholic acid is utilized to dissolve gallstones made primarily of cholesterol. Administered orally, it helps dissolve small to medium-sized gallstones by promoting bile flow. However, it is not effective against large or calcified gallstones. Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, and potential liver function abnormalities. Caution is advised when used with certain medications, including those for diabetes and cholesterol management.
2. Treatment of Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
Chenodeoxycholic acid has shown efficacy in managing cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, a rare metabolic disorder, by improving cholestanol levels. Early treatment can mitigate symptoms like Achilles tendon thickening and neurological issues.
Properties of Chenodeoxycholic Acid
With the chemical formula C24H40O4 and a molecular weight of 392.57, chenodeoxycholic acid is a white crystalline powder. It has a melting point of 165-167°C and exhibits solubility in ethanol, acetone, and acetic acid but is sparingly soluble in water.
Other Information on Chenodeoxycholic Acid
1. Production Process
Chenodeoxycholic acid can be synthesized from cholic acid through esterification, protection, oxidation, and reduction steps, including the Wolff-Kichner reduction to remove the carbonyl group. It can also be extracted and purified from porcine bile.
2. Handling and Storage Precautions
Take care to avoid exposure to strong oxidizing agents when handling chenodeoxycholic acid. Use protective equipment and ensure good hygiene practices. In case of fire, employ appropriate extinguishing methods. For skin contact, wash thoroughly and seek medical attention if irritation persists. Store the compound in a cool, light-shielded environment to prevent degradation.