What Is Butadiene?
Butadiene, specifically 1,3-butadiene, is an industrially significant unsaturated hydrocarbon with two carbon-carbon double bonds. It is produced from naphtha and primarily used as a raw material in manufacturing synthetic rubbers like styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and butadiene rubber (BR), commonly used in tires. Butadiene is a highly flammable gas, necessitating careful handling to avoid ignition and ensure proper ventilation. Additionally, it requires antioxidants and polymerization inhibitors during storage due to its propensity for polymerization reactions.
Butadiene Manufacturing Process and Uses
Butadiene is derived from petroleum through two main methods: extraction from the C4 fraction, a byproduct of naphtha cracking, and dehydrogenation of butane and butene. Its primary application is in synthetic rubber production for items like automobile tires, ABS resin, and nylon 66.
Structural Isomers of Rubber Made From Butadiene
Rubber produced from 1,3-butadiene undergoes polymerization, leading to various structural isomers based on the manufacturing conditions. This results in different types of butadiene rubbers with varied properties. High cis-type butadiene rubber, known for its low glass transition temperature and excellent low-temperature properties, is used in automotive tires, O-rings, and gaskets. Low cis-type butadiene rubber is also utilized in tires and as a resin modifier.
Butadiene Safety and Regulations
Butadiene, typically a gas at room temperature, is sold as a liquefied gas in cylinders. Its extreme flammability and combustion risk require strict safety measures, including proper ventilation and the absence of ignition sources. Due to its tendency to undergo polymerization reactions, adding inhibitors and antioxidants is crucial during storage. Butadiene is also regulated under OSHA guidelines and recognized as a mutagenic substance.