What Is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Label?
A radio frequency identification (RFID) label is a key component of an RFID system, which uses electromagnetic waves to recognize information on labels attached to products. This system comprises RFID readers/writers, RFID labels, and data processing equipment.
While barcodes are another system for information recognition, RFID offers several advantages:
- Time-Saving:
Unlike barcodes which require proximity for reading, RFID can read labels from a distance and simultaneously read multiple labels, saving time. - Easy Data Modification:
While barcodes necessitate reattachment for data changes, RFID allows easy modification of data without removing the label. - Durability:
Barcodes become unreadable when soiled and require reattachment, but RFID labels remain readable even when dirty, ensuring longer usability.
Uses of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Labels
RFID labels are employed in various industries and applications due to their unique identification and tracking abilities. Here are some primary uses:
1. Inventory Management
RFID labels enable real-time tracking of goods’ location and quantity, leading to more efficient inventory management and improved logistics and supply chain management.
2. Asset Tracking
Companies use RFID labels to monitor the location and status of valuable assets like computers, tools, and equipment, enhancing management and protection.
3. Retail
Retailers utilize RFID labels for merchandise tracking and accurate inventory management, preventing lost sales opportunities and enhancing customer experience.
4. Healthcare
In healthcare, RFID labels are used to track medical equipment and streamline service delivery. They are also attached to patient ID bracelets for identity verification and treatment tracking.
5. Livestock Tracking
Farmers use RFID labels for monitoring livestock movement, aiding in early disease detection and tracking.
RFID labels not only enhance efficiency, accuracy, and cost reduction but also enable real-time decision-making for businesses.
Principles of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Labels
An RFID system consists of three main components: the reader/writer, the RFID label, and the data processing equipment. The reader/writer transmits electromagnetic waves to the RFID label, which generates power within the label upon reception.
The RFID label, upon receiving this power, processes and transmits information back to the reader/writer. The reader/writer then sends this information to the data processing equipment, such as PCs or machine automation controllers.
RFID systems use different frequencies of electromagnetic waves depending on the application. Higher frequencies enable faster information transmission, while lower frequencies offer stable transmission over longer distances. Recently, UHF band frequencies have become widely used for their rapid information transmission capabilities, similar to 5G technology.
Types of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Labels
1. Classification by Frequency Band
RFID frequency bands include:
- LF Band (Low Frequency, 125 to 135 kHz):
Used for animal control tags, the LF band is highly effective on metal surfaces. - HF Band (High Frequency, 13.56 MHz):
With an international ISO standard, the HF band is used for transportation IC cards like Suica. - UHF Band (Ultra High Frequency, 800 to 960 MHz):
Ideal for logistics and apparel store tags, the UHF band offers a long reading distance. - Microwave Band (2.45 GHz, etc.):
Used in various high-speed communication applications.
2. Classification by Power Source
- Active Tag:
Includes a built-in battery and covers long distances. - Semi-passive Tag:
Contains a built-in battery to enhance reading sensitivity. - Passive Tag:
Operates without a battery, powered by radio waves from the reader.
Other Information on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Labels
Precautions for Use
When using RFID systems, it’s important to consider the following:
- Keep Away From Metal:
Especially in high-frequency bands, electromagnetic waves can generate heat in metals, potentially causing adverse effects. - Avoid Overlapping RFID Labels:
Overlapping tags may interfere with each other, leading to inaccurate readings.