What Is an Optoisolator?
An optoisolator, also known as an optical isolator or optocoupler, is a component that transfers signals between two isolated circuits through light, ensuring no electrical contact between them. This device typically consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) and a photodetector, such as a phototransistor, encapsulated in a light-conductive channel.
The primary function of an optoisolator is to allow electrical signals to pass from one part of a circuit to another while maintaining complete electrical isolation. This is crucial for protecting sensitive electronic components from high voltage spikes and noise in the circuit. The LED emits light when activated by an electrical signal, which is then detected by the photodetector on the receiving end. This conversion of electrical signals to light and back to electrical signals achieves signal transmission without direct electrical connectivity.
Optoisolators are widely utilized in various applications, including communications to prevent signal feedback, power supply systems to safeguard against voltage surges, and computer interfaces to separate different voltage levels and ground potentials.