What Is a Galvanic Isolator?
A galvanic isolator is a device engineered to electrically insulate different sections of an electrical system, thereby preventing unwanted current flow. It enables the exchange of energy and information through methods like capacitive, inductive, radiative, optical, acoustic, and mechanical coupling.
These devices operate on principles such as insulation, capacitive coupling, and inductive coupling. Insulators prevent electrical contact, thus isolating different sides in transformers or optocouplers. Capacitive coupling uses coupled capacitors to restrict current flow, while inductive coupling relies on electromagnetic induction for the same purpose.
Utilized in various settings, including electronic devices, medical equipment, and industrial machinery, galvanic isolators are crucial for signal isolation, safety assurance, and minimizing electromagnetic interference. Selecting the appropriate type and specifications of isolators and evaluating their performance is vital for effective use.