What Is a Plastic Greenhouse?
A plastic greenhouse is a horticultural and agricultural structure consisting of a framework made from steel frames and pipes, covered with plastic on the roof and sides.
Plastic greenhouses are more cost-effective than their glass counterparts and play a vital role in agricultural operations. They protect crops from rain and wind and enhance productivity and yields by regulating environmental factors such as water, light, and temperature. A significant benefit is the ability to alter the growing season, allowing crops to be marketed at higher prices during off-peak periods.
The design and size of a plastic greenhouse are determined by its intended function, including the choice of structural and covering materials. Common materials include polyolefin film, agricultural PVC film for coverings, steel pipes, and concrete or steel poles for the structure.
Uses of Plastic Greenhouses
Plastic greenhouses are employed in various ways, such as cultivating vegetables, fruit trees, and flowers, and raising seedlings for vegetables and rice paddies. They are particularly advantageous for seasonal fruits like strawberries, which are challenging to grow in open fields.
1. Fruit and Vegetable Crops
Examples include mini-tomatoes, cucumbers, and green peppers.
2. Fruit Vegetables
Examples include melons, watermelons, and strawberries.
3. Leafy Greens
Examples include spinach, lettuce, and komatsuna.
4. Fruit Trees
Examples include cherries, grapes, pears, mandarin oranges, peaches, and loquats.
Types of Plastic Greenhouses
1. Pipe Greenhouse
This is the most common type, utilizing U-shaped pipes for the framework. They are cost-effective but offer limited strength.
2. Steel Frame House
These structures are more robust than pipe houses due to their steel frame construction. They are suitable for large-scale operations, although more costly.
How to Choose Plastic Greenhouses
The selection criteria for plastic greenhouses depend on the environment and purpose of installation.
1. Selection by Crop
Choose a greenhouse based on the specific crops to be grown. For heat-loving vegetables, select materials that retain heat efficiently. Heat retention may be less of a concern for crops that tolerate cooler temperatures.
2. Selection by Location and Climate
A more robust greenhouse structure is necessary in areas with severe weather, like heavy snowfall. Pipe greenhouses may not withstand such conditions.
Features of Plastic Greenhouses
Pros
The primary advantage is the ability to maintain an optimal temperature for crops. They provide a controlled environment, separate from external conditions.
Cons
Despite being more affordable than glass greenhouses, plastic greenhouses are still costly to install and maintain, and susceptible to weathering and damage over time.