What Is Isoxathion?
Isoxathion (C13H16NO4PS) is an organophosphorous insecticide used to protect crops from various pests like bedbugs, borers, and scale insects. Classified as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, isoxathion disrupts normal neurotransmitter function in pests by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine, resulting in its insecticidal effect. Notably, it has dual action through phagocytotoxic and contact-toxic effects and is considered a deleterious substance.
Despite its effectiveness, isoxathion poses risks such as eye irritation, toxicity to aquatic organisms, and potential harm to the nervous system through prolonged exposure. Regulations in Japan, the U.S., and Europe have established standard residue values in food products to ensure safety.
Uses of Isoxathion
Isoxathion is effective against a broad range of insect pests and can be applied in two primary methods:
1. Spraying on Crops
For early-stage pest control, a water-diluted isoxathion insecticide is sprayed directly onto crops. This method applies to various crops and pests, offering broad-spectrum pest control.
2. Soil Application
Mixing isoxathion-based insecticides with soil during seed sowing or before planting seedlings, this method targets underground pests, providing effective control against specific soil-dwelling insects.
Types of Isoxathion Formulations
Several isoxathion insecticides are available, differentiated by their formulation and active ingredient concentration:
1. Calphos Emulsion
A liquid formulation with 50.0% active ingredient, suitable for a wide range of crops and pests.
2. Calphos Fine Granule
A fine-grained powder containing 3.0% active ingredient, designed for soil application with minimized wind dispersal.
3. Calphos Powder
A powdered formulation with 2.0% active ingredient, intended for soil application against pests in various vegetables and beans.
Safety Precautions for Isoxathion Use
- Handle with care due to its classification as a deleterious substance.
- Avoid use near mulberry plants to protect silkworms.
- Wear protective gear to prevent eye, nose, and skin exposure.