What Is Naphthalene?
Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon composed of carbon and hydrogen. Its chemical formula is C10H8. Produced by refining coal tar, it appears as white or colorless, shiny, monoclinic, scaly crystals. As a prevalent aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene is utilized in synthesizing phthalate esters, aniline, and naphthalene oxide, serving as an essential material for various synthetic dyes and resins.
Uses of Naphthalene
Primarily, naphthalene is employed in producing insect repellents, dyes, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and lubricants. Its derivatives enhance the durability and vividness of dyes for cotton and wool fabrics and contribute to pharmaceuticals by testing for phenols in blood. Despite its historical use as a clothing insect repellent, modern alternatives like paradichlorobenzene are becoming more common. However, naphthalene still finds applications in agriculture, wood preservation, and as a precursor for organic pigments and specific hydrocarbons.
Properties of Naphthalene
Naphthalene, a non-polar molecule, exhibits solubility in organic solvents but not in water. Its intermolecular forces increase with molecular weight, leading to characteristics like non-volatility and high melting points in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Naphthalene’s reactivity towards oxygen necessitates careful storage to avoid oxidative degradation. It is sensitive to strong oxidizers, which can lead to hazardous reactions.
Structure of Naphthalene
The structure of naphthalene consists of two covalently bonded benzene rings, forming a planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It features monosubstituted forms with structural isomers identified as α-position and β-position based on the location of the substituent.
Other Properties of Naphthalene
Safety Information on Naphthalene
Naphthalene is regulated under various safety laws due to its flammability and potential health hazards. Handling naphthalene requires appropriate protective measures to prevent skin and eye irritation. Its mixtures with oil or organic solvents are particularly flammable, emphasizing the need for caution to prevent fires.