What Is a Turning Center?
A turning center is an advanced NC machine tool that integrates the capabilities of NC lathes with additional features like rotary tools and automatic tool changers (ATC), enabling milling and eccentric drilling operations.
NC lathes are primarily designed for turning operations and limited to simple center hole drilling, unlike the more versatile turning centers. This allows turning centers to improve work efficiency and productivity without the need to re-fix the workpiece for different operations.
Uses of Turning Centers
Turning centers are ideal for machining workpieces that require multiple processes such as turning, milling, and drilling. The ability to perform these operations simultaneously without setup changes enhances machining accuracy and reduces machining time.
Models with a rear spindle enable rear-side machining by changing grips, with the gripping position adjustable between the leading and back spindles. Those equipped with ATC can also perform complex 5-axis machining. The evolution of turning centers has led to their increasing popularity in recent years.
Principles of Turning Centers
Turning centers come in two main types: NC lathe-based and machining center-based.
NC lathe-based models include an additional rotary axis for tools like drills and milling machines, making them suitable for cylindrical workpieces. Toolholders are often turret type for easy tool changes.
Machining center-based models incorporate additional rotary axes, such as a rotary table, making them ideal for complex-shaped workpieces as 5-axis machines.
Turning centers can be fully automated with additions like a bar feeder or loader for automatic workpiece feeding and discharge.
While the advanced features of turning centers are advantageous, it is important to be aware of potential machine interference due to the many tools, sensors, and robot arms. Safety inspections and meticulous program checks are essential to prevent collisions and machine damage.