What Is a Fiber Optic Connector?
A fiber optic connector is a type of optical connector used to connect optical fiber cables. These connectors are crucial in linking optical devices and are key components in the construction of optical measuring instruments and optical communication systems. They are metal components utilized for securing optical connectors through a screw fastening method, which demands high strength.
Splicing optical fibers using connectors is more versatile than fusion splicing, as it allows for easy, hand-operated connection and disconnection while maintaining the connection’s strength.
Uses of Fiber Optic Connectors
Fiber optic connectors enable easy, hand-operated connections and disconnections of optical fiber cables, making them highly versatile. They are often used for splicing methods requiring high-strength fixation of optical fiber cables. These connectors find applications in optical equipment, measuring instruments, CATV, LAN, and public communication lines.
Principle of Fiber Optic Connectors
Fiber optic connectors can be classified into single-fiber and multi-fiber types. They often employ a sleeve joint method, where optical fibers are positioned in the center of a cylindrical ferrule. These ferrules are then aligned inside a sleeve at the connection point. The sleeve’s C-shaped cross-section, which is spring-loaded, ensures optimal alignment of the ferrules. The ferrules, typically made of zirconia, have a linear expansion coefficient nearly identical to that of optical fibers, minimizing thermal stress. This design also allows for clean polishing of the ferrule’s end face along with the optical fiber.
Precautions for Using Fiber Optic Connectors
When using fiber optic connectors, consider the following:
- Operating Temperature Range: Ensure the combined ambient temperature and connector temperature rise stay within the upper limit.
- Storage Temperature Range: Adhere to the specified storage temperature range before mounting. Post-mounting, the operating temperature range applies.
- Inserting and Extracting Connectors: Proper insertion and extraction are crucial. Confirm secure locking upon insertion and unlock before removal.
Additional precautions specific to each product should be checked before use.
Fiber Optic Connector Failure Factors
Common causes of fiber optic connector failure include:
- Initial Failure: Device failure before use, often due to poor contact from flux, cleaning fluid, or base coating liquid.
- Accidental Failure: Failures due to mechanical or physical stress, such as physical damage, improper insertion or removal, or misalignment during insertion.
- Wear Failure: Failures occurring during use, often due to contact corrosion, exceeding the specified number of insertions/withdrawals, or wear of the lock part.
Fiber Optic Connector Life
The lifespan of fiber optic connectors is influenced by mechanical, environmental, and electrical degradation, as well as external factors like usage environment and demand level from connected equipment. Key determinants of lifespan include contact resistance and the number of insertions and removals.