What Is SAE 316 Stainless Steel?
SAE 316 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel primarily composed of iron, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. It is known for its excellent corrosion and heat resistance.
Containing 16-18% chromium, 10-14% nickel, and 2-3% molybdenum, 316 stainless steel can withstand temperatures up to approximately 1472-1652°F. Its molybdenum content enhances its corrosion resistance, especially in chloride environments like seawater.
Uses of 316 Stainless Steel
316 stainless steel is widely used in environments exposed to corrosive elements. Its applications include marine structures, ship components, chemical plants, medical devices, and food processing machinery. It’s also utilized in high-temperature, high-pressure settings such as nuclear power plants and petroleum refineries, and in shipbuilding for tankers.
Due to its resistance to chloride-induced corrosion, it’s favored for piping in regions where de-icing agents are used and in commercial food storage containers in kitchens, where salt in condiments can cause corrosion.
Properties of 316 Stainless Steel
As an austenitic stainless steel, 316 stainless steel is highly corrosion-resistant and ductile. It maintains its properties even at extremely low temperatures. The addition of molybdenum to its composition enhances its resistance to rust, particularly against chloride and chemical-induced corrosion. However, its cost can be higher due to the inclusion of molybdenum.
316 stainless steel is used selectively in scenarios where resistance to corrosion or chemical damage is critical, making it a versatile material for various industries.
Types of 316 Stainless Steel
316 stainless steel comes in two primary forms: standard 316 and 316L, the latter being a low-carbon variant. 316L stainless steel contains less than 0.03% carbon, increasing its corrosion resistance, especially in welded areas. The reduced carbon content results in slightly lower strength compared to standard 316, making the standard type more suitable for certain applications.
Other Information on 316 Stainless Steel
Manufacturing Process of 316 Stainless Steel
The manufacturing process begins with melting iron and other raw materials in a furnace. After refining to remove impurities and adjusting the carbon content, the molten steel is shaped into various forms like plates, wire rods, or bars. Hot rolling is performed initially, followed by optional cold rolling for further thinning. The final product undergoes heat treatment, pickling, and inspection to ensure quality.
In 316L stainless steel, specific low-carbon raw materials are used, and refining conditions are strictly controlled to reduce the carbon content, aligning with its corrosion resistance requirements.