What Is Titanium Chloride?
Titanium chloride encompasses compounds of titanium with varying oxidation states, notably titanium chloride (II), (III), and (IV), each with distinct properties and applications.
Titanium chloride (II) is a dark reddish-brown powder (TiCl2), notable for its reactivity with water and air. Titanium chloride (III), a deliquescent purple crystal (TiCl3), serves as an important catalyst in polyolefin production. Titanium chloride (IV), a colorless to pale yellow liquid (TiCl4), is known for producing white smoke upon contact with moisture.
Properties of Titanium Chloride
The properties of titanium chloride vary across its forms. TiCl2 demonstrates strong reducing capabilities, TiCl3 is paramagnetic due to each titanium atom’s single d-electron, and TiCl4, liquid at room temperature, is a weak self-aggregator.
Uses of Titanium Chloride
Applications range from organic synthesis, where TiCl2 is used in carbon-carbon bond formation, to the production of polyolefins using TiCl3 as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst. TiCl4 serves as a precursor for titanium dioxide in pigments and cosmetics and is used for creating smoke effects.
Production of Titanium Chloride
Titanium chloride compounds are produced through various methods, including the reduction of TiCl4 for TiCl2, heating and reducing TiCl4 for TiCl3, and the chlorination of titanium ores for TiCl4.
Regulatory and Safety Information
TiCl2 is recognized for its combustibility, TiCl3 as a deleterious substance, and TiCl4 lacks specific major regulatory classifications but demands careful handling due to its reactivity with moisture.
Storage and handling precautions emphasize sealing containers, maintaining them in cool, dry, and dark conditions, using personal protective equipment, and ensuring thorough aftercare following exposure.