What Is Cysteamine?
Cysteamine, a white, water-soluble solid with an unpleasant odor, features both amine and thiol functional groups. With the chemical formula HSCH2CH2NH2, it is known as 2-aminoethanethiol and has a molecular weight of 77.15 (CAS No. 60-23-1). It’s typically handled as its hydrochloride salt, which appears as white to light brown crystals. Discovered in the 1950s, cysteamine was first approved in the United States in 1994 for treating cystinosis.
Uses of Cysteamine
Cysteamine is used in pharmaceuticals to treat cystinosis by cleaving cystine’s disulfide bonds. In radiotherapy, it serves as a radical scavenger. Additionally, it is used in cosmetics for skin whitening and perm solutions, acting as a reducing agent for hair’s cystine bonds, though its application requires careful formulation to mitigate oxidation and odor.
Properties of Cysteamine
Boasting a melting point of 98°C, Cysteamine decomposes before boiling and is highly soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It plays a crucial role in treating cystinosis and can aid in synthesizing glutathione, a potent antioxidant important for detoxifying cells.
Other Information on Cysteamine
1. Manufacturing Method of Cysteamine
Cysteamine is produced through the hydrolysis of 2-(2-aminoethylthio)thiazoline dihydrochloride, a process involving chloroethylamine hydrochloride and mercaptothiazoline.
2. Regulatory Information
Though exempt from many major domestic regulations, cysteamine is classified as acutely toxic under the GHS classification, necessitating careful handling.
3. Precautions for Handling and Storage
Storage and handling precautions include keeping the container tightly closed in a dry, cool place, using personal protective equipment, and ensuring proper ventilation to avoid inhalation.