What Is Aniline Hydrochloride?
Aniline hydrochloride is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H8ClN and is classified as an aromatic ammonium salt.
The CAS registration number is 142-04-1. Other names include aniline hydrochloride, benzeneamine hydrochloride, phenylamine hydrochloride, aniline chloride, aniline salt, and phenylammonium aniline chloride hydrochloride.
The name according to IUPAC nomenclature is anilinium chloride. Aniline hydrochloride is designated as a deleterious substance under the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Law.
Uses of Aniline Hydrochloride
Aniline hydrochloride is mainly used as a raw material for dyes and organic synthesis. Aniline hydrochloride is known to oxidize to an insoluble black dye called aniline black, and this reaction is used to dye textiles.
In addition, the reaction of aniline hydrochloride with nitrous acid at temperatures below 5°C produces benzenediazonium chloride. This benzenediazonium chloride is a substance that causes diazo coupling when mixed with phenol salts.
The product of diazo coupling is a red-to-yellow dye, which is used for dyeing. Aniline hydrochloride is also a substance used as an intermediate in aniline synthesis.
Properties of Aniline Hydrochloride
Aniline hydrochloride has a molecular weight of 129.59, a melting point of 198°C, and a boiling point of 245°C (decomposition).
It turns dark when exposed to air and light. Its density is 1.22 g/mL and its solubility in water is 107 g/100 mL (at 20°C). It is soluble in ether and ethanol as well as water. It is insoluble in benzene.
Types of Aniline Hydrochloride
Aniline hydrochloride is sold mainly as a reagent product for research and development and as an industrial chemical. Potential applications for industrial chemicals include raw materials for pharmaceuticals, flux, and organic synthesis.
R&D reagent products are available in 25g, 100g, 500g, and other capacities. Generally, they are provided in capacities that are easy to handle in the laboratory. They are stored at refrigerated or room temperature.
Other Information on Aniline Hydrochloride
1. Synthesis of Aniline Hydrochloride
Aniline hydrochloride is obtained by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid to aniline. In the method of aniline synthesis in which nitrobenzene is reduced with tin and hydrochloric acid, the resulting aniline may react with excess hydrochloric acid to give aniline hydrochloride.
2. Chemical Reaction of Aniline Hydrochloride
Since aniline hydrochloride is a weak base, the addition of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, liberates aniline. Another important chemical reaction of aniline is the synthesis of benzenediazonium chloride.
The reaction of aniline hydrochloride with nitrous acid at temperatures below 5°C gives benzenediazonium chloride. Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol salts in a diazo coupling reaction to give various diazo compounds. In general, diazo compounds are useful as dyes and dyestuffs.
3. Reactivity of Aniline Hydrochloride
Aniline hydrochloride is stable under normal handling conditions, but is flammable and decomposes upon heating or contact with acids. It reacts vigorously, especially with oxidizing agents, producing toxic and corrosive fumes containing aniline, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen chloride.
4. Aniline Hydrochloride Hazard and Regulatory Information
Aniline hydrochloride is classified by the GHS classification as having the following hazards
- Acute toxicity (oral): Category 4
- Germ cell mutagenicity: Category 2
- Carcinogenicity: Category 1B
- Reproductive toxicity: Category 2
- Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure): Category 1 (blood system, nervous system)
- Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure): Category 1 (blood system, nervous system)
Due to these hazards, aniline hydrochloride is classified as a deleterious substance under the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Law. It is important to handle it correctly in compliance with the law.