What Is Fusel Alcohol?
Fusel oil is a by-product of ethanol production from the fermentation of sugars and starches. The CAS number is 8013-75-0.
Fusel alcohol is a mixture, with components varying based on the fermentation feedstock, type of yeast, fermentation method, and distillation method. The main components are 5-carbon alcohols such as (S)-2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol, along with other higher alcohols like isobutyl alcohol and n-propyl alcohol.
Fusel alcohol is insoluble in water and lighter than water, often separating as oil droplets in distilled spirits. It has a distinctive odor that can make beverages with high fusel oil content unsuitable for consumption.
Uses of Fusel Alcohol
Fusel oil was the main source of amyl alcohol and tert-amyl alcohol before industrial production. Purified fusel alcohol is used as a high-boiling solvent for synthetic resins and paints and as an aroma component in trace amounts.
Properties of Fusel Alcohol
Fusel oil is typically a colorless or yellowish-brown liquid at room temperature, with a boiling point of 110-130°C and a density of 0.810-0.850 g/mL. It’s soluble in ethanol, but insoluble in water.
The main components include 5-carbon alcohols and other alcohols, acetic acid esters, and ethyl esters of medium-chain fatty acids. It may also contain free fatty acids and derivatives of furfural and pyrazines.
Types of Fusel Alcohol
Fusel alcohol is available as a raw material for fragrances and as a research and development reagent in laboratory-friendly quantities.
Other Information on Fusel Alcohol
1. Storage of Fusel Alcohol
Fusel alcohol should be stored away from high temperatures, direct sunlight, flames, and static electricity. Hazardous decomposition products include carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
2. Safety Information on Fusel Alcohol
As a flammable substance with a flash point of 45.5°C, fusel alcohol must be handled correctly in compliance with laws and regulations.