月: 2023年7月

What Is a Winder?

A winder is a device that winds up long-shaped materials such as vinyl, tubing, or hose.

A specific example is the take-up portion of a hose reel sold at home improvement stores. By winding long materials onto a core-like structure, the quality of the materials is not compromised and they can be handled in a compact manner.

Uses of Winders

Taking a familiar watering hose as an example it takes time and effort to retrieve and put away a long hose after it has been extended and used for sprinkling water, for example. Moreover, if the hose is not collected neatly, it will become entangled, making it difficult to start watering smoothly the next time it is used.

By using a reel, which has a handle attached to the core material, the hose can be smoothly reeled in and stored in a compact condition when cleaning up. Also, there is no need to worry about the hose getting entangled during the next operation.

Characteristics of Winders

Advantages

Long materials can be smoothly wound up in a short time. Especially when the material is heavy and long, it takes time and labor just to retrieve it. The use of a winder makes it easier to clean up after the work is finished.

Disadvantages

With manual winders, the material must be wound on average across the width of the reel, or it will be unevenly wound on one side, making it difficult to wind or stretch the material.

If the reel system is small, depending on the length of the material, winding habits may develop, making it difficult to use. If the reel is large and the material to be wound is large, it will be harder to wind than expected, so it is necessary to check the size.

Types of Winders

Winder types vary from manufacturer to manufacturer in terms of material, manual or motorized type, and length of material that can be handled. The main materials used for winders are stainless steel, aluminum, and plastic. Stainless steel is rust-resistant, strong, and long-lasting. They are also heavy and can be installed stably.

Aluminum is lightweight and easy to carry. Plastic is more susceptible to deterioration than stainless steel or aluminum, but has the advantage of being inexpensive and easy to use. Since there are many types of winder with fixed standards for the type of long material, system, and length, it is necessary to check when purchasing the winder.

If the machine is equipped with an alignment guide, winding is uniform, and there is no need to worry about rewinding. Those with wheels are easy to carry. Other types of reelers include those that can be attached to light trucks and other work vehicles, those that allow material to be removed directly from the reel by removing the reel handle, and those that are capable of measuring length. Some reels are equipped with a wrinkle stretching device and are tightly and densely wound.

Most winders are of the manual type, but some are of the electric type and can be stretched back by remote control operation, etc. If the machine is equipped with an anti-reversal device called a ratchet, there is no unwinding and the work can proceed smoothly.

How to Choose a Winder

When selecting a winder, the material, size and length of the material must be confirmed. After confirmation, select the appropriate winder for the job.

Hoses used for spraying pesticides and liquids have a length of 50 m or more, so if you use them frequently, you should choose one made of aluminum. The fact that they are less likely to break and last a relatively long time is also attractive.

Considering that you will be stretching it out and putting it back together as you work, something that can be mounted on a light truck is preferable. Also, if you want something more durable, stainless steel is a good choice. If you are on a budget and further work efficiency is a priority, an electric one is a good choice.

How to Use a Winder

As an example, the following explains how to use a hose with long-handled materials. First, firmly insert the bore diameter of the hose at the beginning of the reel into the slot on the side of the reel that does not have a handle attached. This bore is the part that is connected to the hose from the jet engine, etc. After firmly inserting the bore, wind the hose evenly in a clockwise direction.

Basically, all winders should be set up on a flat, even surface, in accordance with the instructions for use. When winding the material, do not wind it taut, but turn the handle slowly and evenly while keeping it loose. Winding under tension may cause damage.

Other Information on Winders

Use of Winders

The winder is used in a variety of situations, such as winding up wide sheets of vinyl used in plastic greenhouses after demolition, green sheets, hoses, and cables for generators and other equipment. The winder can also be attached to a harvest cart to wind up the harvest, making it easy to clean up farmland after harvest.

What Is Sealing Tape?

Sealing tape is a tape-type sealing material mainly made of Teflon.

It is used to fill gaps in air and water pipes, hydraulic pipes, and other piping joints where gases and liquids pass through.

Uses of Sealing Tapes

Sealing tapes are used to wrap around the joints of gas, liquid, and hydraulic piping to carefully fill in gaps. It can increase airtightness and prevent leakage of substances through the piping.

The connecting parts have threaded cuts on each other and are connected by aligning both. Regardless of the material, it is very difficult to fully engage the threads, and it is common for a slight gap to occur.

Gases and liquids that pass through piping can easily pass through even a small gap, which can cause air leaks, water leaks, and oil leaks.

Characteristics of Sealing Tape

Advantages

The advantage of sealing tape is that simple plumbing connections can be easily repaired by an amateur. By selecting a durable product and using it in appropriate and suitable places, piping leaks can be prevented.

Disadvantages

Although weather-resistant sealing tapes are available, they will need to be repaired each time they are used outdoors due to deterioration over time. Leaks must be checked for during daily use.

Even indoors, if a leak starts in the toilet or kitchen area, it will interfere with the use of the room and require time to repair. Therefore, as in the outdoors, checks and repairs are essential.

Types of Sealing Tapes

There are many types of sealing tapes, varying in width and thickness. The basic width of sealing tape for water pipes is 8mm and 1.3cm. However, there are tapes for ducts that are almost 5cm wide.

Thickness varies from 0.1 to 1mm. Depending on the manufacturer, lengths of 1, 5, 10, and 15m are available. It can be easily torn off by hand, allowing one-handed work. -There are also heat- and weather-resistant ones that can withstand temperatures of around 100-260°C, chemical- and solvent-resistant ones and ones with excellent self-adhesion.

Teflon is the main material used, but there are also those made of high-strength polyester and those with polyester mesh for added strength.

How to Select a Sealing Tape

The width and thickness of sealing tape are fundamental. For beginners, a relatively wide width and some thickness are easier to handle.

For outdoor use, choose one that is weather resistant, taking into account exposure to rain and wind and differences in temperature between cold and hot. For duct use, those made of high-strength polyester or mixed polyester mesh are preferable to provide strength.

How to Use Sealing Tape

First, remove any dust or debris that may have gotten into the threads so that the sealing tape will not lose its adhesive strength. There are male and female threads in the piping connection. Start wrapping the sealing tape about 2 to 3 threads from the end of the male thread.

After a few wraps at the beginning, wrap the sealing tape so that it overlaps moderately toward the main body of the pipe. The key is to wind the sealing tape in the same direction as the threads so that it does not loosen.

If the tape is wound in the opposite direction, it will come off when the screw is connected. Also, if you start winding the tape while it is sticking out from the tip of the screw, a piece of tape may get mixed up in the pipe, which may cause a pipe blockage or machine failure.

Once connected, loosening the tape again will cause the sealing tape to lose its effectiveness, leading to leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to remove it again and re-wrap it with a new one. When removed, pieces of sealing tape may adhere to both sides of the screw. If not removed cleanly, they can easily cause problems. When rewinding anew, the old one must be removed before rewinding.

What Is a Worm Gear?

A worm gear is a type of screw gear that consists of a worm (worm shaft), which is a threaded toothed shaft, and a worm wheel, which is a helical gear with its axis of rotation at 90 degrees to the worm’s axis direction. Rotation of the worm sends the teeth of the worm wheel, which are meshed with the worm, to rotate.

The worm gear transmits rotation from the worm to the worm wheel and vice versa. This inability to rotate from the output shaft side is called “self-locking.

Therefore, the worm side is always the input shaft side, where the power unit is mounted, and the worm wheel side is the output shaft side, where the power transmitting unit is mounted. Because of this feature, worm gears are used in reduction gears.

Uses of Worm Gears

Worm gears can transmit power by changing the axial direction by 90 degrees, and since they are compact and can obtain a large reduction ratio, they are used in belt conveyors for factory equipment, screw jacks, steering systems for automobile steering wheels, wiper drive units, pivoting mechanisms for electric fans, material input parts of food manufacturing equipment and music boxes, pegs of stringed instruments, etc.

The self-locking function of worm gears may also be utilized in reduction devices for elevators and escalators to serve as a safety device to prevent reverse rotation.

Since a particularly large reduction ratio can be obtained, deceleration can be achieved with a small input torque. Therefore, reduction gears can be manufactured relatively compactly.

Principle of Worm Gears

The principle of worm gear is that when the worm (input side) makes one rotation, the worm wheel rotates by one tooth. In this case, the number of worm teeth is called one worm. In the case of a worm with two worm strips, one rotation of the worm rotates the worm wheel with two teeth.

The reduction ratio of worm gear can be calculated as follows

Reduction ratio = Number of worm wheel teeth ÷ Number of worm strips

The worm gear can rotate in both directions (e.g., clockwise and counterclockwise when viewed from the input shaft side). This can be achieved by selecting the worm twist direction as right-hand or left-hand twist.

The features of worm gears are as follows:

• The axial direction can be orthogonal on the input and output sides (conversely, it cannot be coaxial).
• Large reduction ratios are possible (e.g., 1/10 to 1/100, etc.)
• Backlash (gap between gears, play) is reduced. This results in better tooth meshing and less meshing noise.
• Large output torque can be obtained from small input torque.
• Reduced self-locking occurs.

In contrast to the above advantages, there are some disadvantages, such as heat generation due to friction, which can cause seizure and wear of the gears due to the large slippage between gears. Therefore, lubrication between the gears is important, and lubricants with high extreme pressure resistance may be used.

Typical worm gear materials are as follows:

• Worms: Carbon steel, chrome molybdenum hardened steel, or stainless steel, whose tooth surfaces are heat treated to increase hardness and are polished to improve wear resistance.
• Worm Wheels: Copper alloy steel, a material that is more susceptible to wear than worms, is used to prevent seizure.

What Is a Tachometer?

A tachometer is a measuring instrument that visualizes the speed of a rotating object by means of scales and numbers.

Tachometers are mainly used to visualize the speed of engines of automobiles and motorcycles, and the shaft speed of motors and electric motors. The “decimal type” uses a volume graph and digital numerals on a screen.

In addition to those originally built into the machine, there are also general-purpose tachometers that use electromagnetic pulse, OBD, and reflective materials.

Uses of Tachometers

It is very important for the user to know the RPM to prevent overloading and breakdowns of the machine.

Especially in the case of cars and motorcycles, engine RPM changes significantly when shifting gears, so downshifting at high RPM without knowing the RPM can lead to breakdowns due to over-rotation.

By using a tachometer, the user can visually check the engine RPM, which not only prevents over-revving, but also enables fuel-efficient driving by cruising at low RPM.

Principle of Tachometers

The following types of tachometers are currently in mainstream use.

As detection methods

• Mechanical Type:Input from rotating parts is extracted using gears and rotating wires, and detected by a rotation sensor in the meter section or displayed by a magnetic meter.
• Electric Type:The voltage applied to the ignition coil of the engine is detected and the number of revolutions is counted (four times per revolution for a four-cylinder engine). Or, the rotation speed is determined by the signal detected by the crank angle sensor.
• Optical Type:A reflective material is attached to the rotating part, and the number of revolutions is determined based on the number of times the light is received.

Display method

• Analog Type:Magnetic type (Foucault type) with a scale or number on the board indicated by a pointer.
• Digital Type:LED or LCD display with segment display, bar graph display, etc.
• Stepping Motor Type:A stepping motor moves the pointer based on detected pulse signals.

In terms of display methods in particular, the digital and stepping motor types, which are less susceptible to external shaking or shock, are currently the mainstream, while the analog type tends to be used for general-purpose, inexpensive products.

What Is a Tachometer’s Tachometer?

Tachometers are used to indicate engine speeds in motorcycles and automobiles.
Tacho is spelled Tacho, and Tacho comes from ancient Greek and means speed. In the olden days, when the car was not yet equipped with gauges, speed was measured by the number of revolutions of the engine. This is why it is called a tachometer.

Tachometers Are No Longer Needed

In the 1900s, when many manual cars were on the road, many automobiles had tachometers to indicate engine speed. In the 2000s, however, an increasing number of cars are now without tachometers.

There are several reasons. One is cost cutting. Before the burst of the bubble economy, there were many manual and luxury cars on the road, and automobiles were equipped with tachometers and various other features. However, after the year 2000, more and more consumers demanded inexpensive cars with automatic transmission, so automakers eliminated tachometers in their lowest-priced models.

Second, computers have become more sophisticated. In manual cars, the driver had to control the gearshift appropriately according to the engine speed. In automatic cars, however, the computer automatically shifts gears, eliminating the need for the driver to pay attention to the tachometer, which indicates engine RPM.

Another major factor is the spread of electric and hybrid vehicles. Instead of a tachometer, these vehicles display a special meter that indicates energy usage. Electric vehicles do not require shifting gears and have meters that indicate energy consumption and regeneration. Drivers can drive more fuel-efficiently by checking the meter.

Hybrid vehicles shift gears according to engine speed like gasoline-powered vehicles, but because engine rotation is also used by the motor to generate electricity, accelerator operation is not linked to engine rotation. Since there is no relationship between engine rotation and fuel consumption, the tachometer has been eliminated and a meter indicating motor operation has been installed.

What Is a Pump for Liquid?

Pumps for Liquid are devices used to move liquids.

Most pumps are Pump for Liquid because they are generally devices intended for liquids. They suck up a liquid, apply pressure to it, and then pump it through pipes and tubes to another location. Pumps for Liquid are capable of efficiently suctioning and pumping liquids.

They can handle a wide variety of liquids, including water, chemicals, and petroleum. In addition, modern Pumps for Liquid are compatible with automation technology and can often be operated and controlled automatically in conjunction with sensors and controllers. Remote control is also possible, allowing monitoring and operation from remote locations.

However, it is important to select the appropriate type according to the nature of the liquid and the intended use. Wrong pump selection may cause poor performance or failure.

Applications of Pumps for Liquid

The list of applications for Pumps for Liquid is endless. The following are just a few examples of applications for Pump for Liquid

1. Water Supply

Pumps are used to supply water for general household and industrial applications. They pump up well water and groundwater to supply water to buildings and agricultural land. Pumps are also used for water purification and wastewater treatment, often to discharge sewage and operate water purification plants.

2. Plant

Pumps are required in the extraction and transportation of oil and gas. In particular, high-pressure pumps are used to transport crude oil and heavy oil. Pumps made of special materials are also used in chemical plants to process various liquids and chemicals.

3. Food Processing

Used to fill food and beverage containers with liquids. It can be applied to liquids with high viscosity. They are also used as squeeze pumps to squeeze liquids such as juices and seasonings from fruits and raw materials.

Principle of Pump for Liquid

The basic principle common among Pump for Liquid pumps is that the pump sucks up liquid, compresses it, and then pumps it to another location. All Pumps for Liquid have a mechanism for sucking up liquid. This is done by creating a space within the pump and drawing the liquid into that space. A drop in pressure inside the pump causes the liquid to be sucked up.

The sucked-up liquid is pressurized inside the pump. This compression increases the energy of the liquid and provides the pressure necessary to pump the liquid.

The compressed liquid is then pumped out through an outlet in the pump to another location. Valves or valves are sometimes used to control the flow of liquid.

Types of Pumps for Liquid

There are many different types of Pumps for Liquid. The following are examples of types of Pumps for Liquid

1. Gear Pump

A gear pump is a pump in which gears engage each other to move liquid; when one gear rotates, the driven gears rotate simultaneously. The space between the gears sucks up the liquid, and the rotating gears compress the liquid and send it to the outlet.

Viscous liquids can be moved efficiently. Widely used to supply lubricating oil and fuel.

2. Piston Pump

This pump uses a combination of a piston and cylinder to move liquid. The reciprocating motion of the piston inside the cylinder sucks up the liquid and changes the pressure inside the cylinder. The movement of the piston compresses the liquid, which is then pumped out through the outlet port.

This is advantageous when using high pressure or when accurate flow control is required. Widely used for liquids with high viscosity. 

3. Diaphragm Pump

This pump uses a movable diaphragm to suck up liquid and compress and discharge it. The diaphragm can seal the contact area with the liquid. Therefore, they are suitable for handling special liquids such as chemicals, corrosive liquids, and liquids containing solids.

4. Volute Pump

This pump sucks in liquid by means of rotating blades and pushes the liquid outward by centrifugal force. The shape of the blades causes the liquid to flow inside the pump in a spiral shape. This characteristic prevents agglomeration of solids as the liquid moves slowly through the pump while rotating.

They are often used in applications that require a high flow rate and not much pressure.

What Is a Relief Valve?

A relief valve is a valve that automatically opens to release pressure when the pressure inside a pipe or tank increases abnormally.

Boilers, compressors, and other devices that compress gases to produce high-pressure gases are extremely hazardous.

If the pressure exceeds the design pressure of the tank and the tank ruptures, it could lead to a major accident. Relief valves are used in these areas to release pressure before a major accident occurs.

Other applications include installation at the outlet of positive displacement pumps.

Uses of Relief Valves

Relief valves are installed in tanks that hold large amounts of pressure. In particular, they are required by law to be installed in pressure vessels called Class I and Class II pressure vessels.

In such pressure vessels, if the pressure exceeds the design pressure and the tank ruptures, it could lead to a major accident.

They are also used for the outlet of positive displacement pumps.

If the outlet side of a positive displacement pump is blocked due to its structure, the pressure will increase. In such a case, a relief valve is installed to avoid pump failure.

Principle of Relief Valves

The structure of the relief valve itself is very simple, with the opening and closing of the valve controlled by a spring. The pressure can be determined by the strength of the spring.

However, with most relief valves, it is possible to adjust the pressure at which the relief valve opens by rotating the set handle like a pressure reducing valve.

However, it is important to note that relief valves will rarely open. However, it is necessary to check whether the relief valve opens at the default pressure every year, because if it does not open in case of an emergency, it will be in danger. Relief valves that have been opened once may not close properly or may open at a slightly lower pressure, so relief valves that have been operated once should be inspected as well.

Therefore, the equipment in question cannot be used when the relief valve is inspected, but do not put a manual valve or other device on the primary side of the relief valve because you do not want to do so. If you install a relief valve that you forget to open, the relief valve will lose its meaning and lead to a major accident.

In fact, in the past, major accidents have occurred due to the fact that manual valves were closed.