月: 2022年12月

What Is a Metal Tape?

Metal tape is a robust adhesive tape made from materials like lead, stainless steel, copper foil, aluminum foil, aluminum, magnets, or other metals. These tapes can be conductive or non-conductive and are often used in applications such as plumbing, water line repairs, and range hood ducts.

The functionality and adhesive strength of metal tapes vary with the material. For instance, aluminum foil tape can be laminated with glass fiber to increase strength, or it can be a heat-resistant type with silicone adhesive suitable for temperatures up to 300 °C. The selection of a metal tape should be based on its intended application.

Uses of Metal Tapes

Metal tapes have a wide range of uses in heat resistance, fire resistance, airtightness, waterproofing, fireproofing, soundproofing, electrical conductivity, heat conduction, and heat shielding. These applications extend across housing, construction, automotive, electrical, and electronic equipment sectors. They are used for:

• Sealing gaps in air-conditioning equipment, cooktops, and sinks.
• Waterproof repair of metal roofs and exterior walls.
• Repairing chimneys and bathtubs.
• Duct sealing in stoves and water heaters.
• Reinforcing engine compartments.
• Repairing tin roofs and corrugated sheets.
• Securing heat insulation tubes and glass wool.
• Heat dissipation for floor heating pipes, and more.

Characteristics of Metal Tapes

Different metal materials used in tapes have unique properties:

1. Aluminum Tape

Aluminum tape is sought after for its flexibility and temperature resistance. It comes in various forms, including aluminum-glass cloth tape, heat-resistant aluminum tape, and conductive aluminum tape.

Some tapes can be easily cut by hand, and conductive aluminum tapes with Ni powder are applied to the acrylic adhesive to discharge static electricity.

2. Copper Foil Tape

Copper foil tape is valued for its electrical and thermal conductivity, resistance to solvents, UV rays, humidity, and mold, and is used for electromagnetic wave shielding and fixing electrodes.

3. Stainless Steel Tape

Known for its rust and weather resistance, stainless steel tape is suitable for outdoor waterproofing and repair tasks.

4. Magnetic Tape

This flexible rubber magnet with adhesive is used in applications such as masking for painting steel products, including automobiles.

What Is a Test Pump?

A test pump is a device specifically designed to evaluate the integrity and durability of water piping systems. These pumps are used to identify leaks in the piping or to verify if the system can endure certain pressure levels. Test pumps are available in two main types: manual and electric. Manual test pumps require physical effort to pump water, whereas electric test pumps automate this process using electrical power. The capability of a test pump, in terms of both the volume of piping it can assess and the level of water pressure it can apply, varies based on its design and specifications.

In typical household scenarios, a small, portable test pump is usually adequate. For more extensive water piping evaluations, particularly in larger installations, bigger test pumps are necessary.

Uses of Test Pumps

Test pumps are extensively used in the plumbing industry for inspecting new or repaired water pipes. These inspections are crucial to ensure the safety and functionality of the installation. By detecting and addressing problems such as cracks or weak joints, test pumps help prevent water leakage, which can lead to corrosion, mold growth, increased utility costs, and damage to building structures. Additionally, test pumps are employed to check water pressure in systems following modifications like valve replacements, line extensions, or new faucet installations.

Principle of Using Test Pumps

When utilizing a test pump, it is connected to the piping system being tested. The pump introduces water into the system, displacing the air, and fills the pipes with water. The water pressure is monitored using a pressure gauge. If leaks are present, they will manifest as a gradual decline in the pressure reading, indicating water escape. This method is essential because it may be impossible to detect leaks without the application of pressure. Test pumps are also instrumental in verifying the piping’s capability to withstand abrupt pressure changes, such as those caused by water hammer effects. Manual test pumps, operated via a lever, are apt for small-scale testing due to their ability to finely adjust water pressure. Conversely, electric test pumps, which need an external power source, offer a more efficient solution for larger plumbing systems, thanks to their automated functionality.

What Is a Plumb Bob?

A plumb bob is a tool used to measure the verticality of building columns and walls.

A spindle-shaped weight, called a plumb bob, is held at the end of a string, which is hung from a plumb bob holder to measure verticality.

Although a level that measures bubbles in a glass container filled with liquid can also be used to measure verticality, the primitive plumb bob, which uses gravity, is a relatively more accurate way to measure verticality.

Plumb bobs that use a laser instead of a string and weight are also available. The laser type has the advantages of not being affected by wind and not requiring rewinding of the string, but it also has the disadvantage that the laser will be tilted if the mounting surface is tilted. For precise measurement, some products are equipped with a correction function.

Uses of Plumb Bobs

Plumb bobs are used not only to measure the perpendicularity of columns and walls but also to confirm that measurement devices are installed parallel and perpendicular to each other, such as when installing a transit, and to raise the ground marker.

There are various types of plumb bobs, depending on the environment in which they are used.

Plumb Bob Installation Procedure and Precautions

• Plumb Bob Installation Method
  If the wall to be installed is made of wood, use a push pin (needle). If the wall is concrete, hook the metal hook onto a nail or the like.
• Wind Protection
  Plumb bobs are vulnerable to wind due to their structure. In recent years, some are equipped with a standstill function that quickly reduces swaying. In environments where the wind can affect the plumb bob even if it has a standstill function, a windproof type plumb bob with a long, thin tube covering the plumb bob is suitable.
• How to Retrieve the Line
  There are two types of plumb bobs: one that manually winds up the thread when retrieving it, and one that automatically winds up the thread at the touch of a button.

Principle of Plumb Bobs

The plumb bob is hung down from a retainer fixed to a wall or post, and the distance from the wall or post is measured at two points: the top of the thread and the tip of the plumb bob. The vertical direction (verticality) is toward the center of the earth, and if the wall or post is vertical, the distance between these two points will be equal. Specifically, if the distance is the same at the top and bottom, the measured object is vertical. For accurate measurement, the distance should be as long as possible, but the longer the string, the harder it is for the weight to be stable.

When measuring, make sure that the plumb bob is not swaying. When the plumb bob is hanging down, it should swing in a circular motion and gradually decrease in amplitude. A plumb bob with a static function is designed to limit the direction of swaying to one direction so that the swaying will subside quickly.

The weight of the body of plumb bob is usually in the range of 100g to 1,000g. A plumb bob with a heavier weight will stop shaking faster. However, if a heavier weight is used than the weight compatible with the plumb bob retainer, the weight may fall, so the compatibility of the weight must be checked.

The swing retainer, thread, and plumb bob can each be replaced. When replacing the plumb bob, follow the manual for the plumb bob retainer or plumb bob, and make sure that the knot is securely attached so that it will not come undone.

To prevent injury from falling, it is recommended to wear a helmet, safety glasses, and safety shoes.

Structure and Function of Plumb Bobs

Plumb bobs are usually primitive, with a weight attached to the thread, but in recent years, more advanced products have been developed for the purpose of improving efficiency.

Automatic Take-up Type

In the automatic take-up type, the thread is stored inside the retainer and automatically taken up after measurement. The thread does not get tangled, allowing for quick and efficient operation. Some products are equipped with an automatic weight stop function. Normally, it takes time for the weight to stop, but the special construction allows the weight to stop quickly. This is especially useful outdoors where there is wind.

Dial Type

The dial type is a long metal plate equipped with a graduated measuring instrument. When the metal plate is aligned with the direction to be measured, the scale on the measuring instrument displays the angle.

Since the pendulum is inside the cover, it can check verticality and measure tilt without being affected by wind. To use the instrument, simply place the main unit against the object, and the needle rests more quickly and efficiently than with a typical plumb bob pendulum.

What Is a Laboratory Jack?

A laboratory jack is an essential tool in laboratories, used for securely positioning instruments such as test tubes or flasks on a stand. These jacks typically have top plates made of materials like stainless steel, plastic, or silicon rubber for slip resistance. Their moving mechanisms, often metal, require regular cleaning and oiling to prevent dust and fiber entanglement for maintenance purposes.

Uses of Laboratory Jacks

Laboratory jacks are commonly used to support a test tube or flask clamped to a stand. They lift the equipment from below for immersion in agitators, heaters, or cooling devices. This setup is useful in experiments involving gas extraction from tubes or flasks, where the height adjustability of the jack allows for the smooth operation of rotors, heaters, and coolers without disrupting the setup. Alternatively, when using rotating blades that require high shear force and fixed height, laboratory jacks facilitate easy height adjustments to prevent sample spillage.

Features of Laboratory Jacks

Laboratory jacks come in various types, including knob type, ratchet handle type, and rotating grip ratchet handle type. The knob type is suitable for low-load applications and adjusts the height by turning a knob. The ratchet handle type, suited for heavier loads, uses leverage for easier height adjustment and can have a removable handle to prevent accidents. The rotating grip ratchet handle type allows for quicker adjustment than the regular ratchet handle type. The choice of jack type depends on experimental requirements, materials used, and laboratory conditions. Regardless of type, it is important to observe load limits and perform regular maintenance to prevent accidents.

What Is a Paint Roller?

A paint roller is a tool used for quickly and efficiently painting large, flat surfaces. It typically consists of two main parts: the roller frame and the roller cover. The roller cover, responsible for absorbing and transferring paint to the surface, can either be cleaned and reused or discarded after use. The roller frame, which attaches to the roller cover, is held by the painter and is often reused.

Uses of Paint Rollers

Paint rollers are versatile and used on various surfaces including interior and exterior walls, steel, and wood. It’s important to choose the right paint roller based on the painting area, material, and paint type. They are particularly effective for applying thick, even coats of viscous paints, such as rust and corrosion-resistant varieties, resulting in a smooth finish.

Principle of Paint Rollers

The paint roller is ready for use when the roller cover, a cylindrical core with various material coverings, is attached to the roller frame. The choice of roller cover material depends on the paint type, painting location, and purpose. When the roller cover wears out, it’s easily replaced by attaching a new one to the handle of the roller frame.

Types of Paint Rollers

Paint rollers are categorized by size and application:

1. Classification by Roller Size

Regular Rollers: These have a 38 mm inside diameter and a standard length of 9 inches (22.86 cm), suitable for painting large areas.

Middle Rollers: With an inside diameter of 26 to 27 mm and a length of 7 inches (17.78 cm), these rollers are ideal for both large and small areas.

Small Rollers: These have a 15-16 mm inside diameter and a 4-inch (10.16 cm) length, ideal for intricate spaces or small areas.

2. Classification by Application

Manual Rollers: Commonly used for walls and ceilings, with handles that can connect to extensions.

Pad Rollers: Great for painting trim and edging, using a flat, absorbent pad for straight strokes.

Texture Rollers: Designed for applying textures on surfaces.

Mini Hot Dog Rollers: Miniature rollers, ideal for hard-to-reach areas.

How to Choose Paint Rollers

The selection of paint rollers depends on the specific painting process. While some painters prefer disposable rollers, others opt for more expensive, reusable ones. The choice should be based not just on cost but also on the functionality and compatibility of the roller and frame. Therefore, it’s important to consider both the cost and the characteristics of the roller when making a selection.

What Is a Pipe Cutter?

A pipe cutter is a tool designed for cutting tubes with minimal shavings, ideal for thin-walled tubes made of iron, steel, brass, copper, and aluminum. It works by clamping the tube between a cutter wheel and a roller, gradually cutting the tube as the wheel bites into its circumference. This method allows for a straighter cut compared to sawing. Manual pipe cutters are both cost-effective and quiet.

Uses of Pipe Cutters

When selecting a pipe cutter, consider the diameter and material of the pipe. To use, place the pipe cutter on the fixed pipe with the knob loosened, tighten it to make a shallow cut around the pipe, and ensure the guideline is straight. Then, gradually deepen the incision by turning the cutter, being careful not to distort the cut surface or crush the pipe. After cutting, any burrs should be removed. Pipe cutters are commonly used in piping work.

Principle of Pipe Cutters

Pipe cutters consist of a wedge-shaped cutter wheel and rollers that sandwich the tube. The tool is rotated around the tube, with the wheel gradually biting into the material, cutting the tube in a circular motion. There are two main types of cutters: one with a single blade and two rollers, and another with three blades.

Start with a shallow incision, then tighten the knob slightly with each rotation to deepen the cut, following the blade’s direction. After cutting, remove any burrs with a reamer, often included with pipe cutters. Variations in the material and shape of the cutter wheel allow for use with a wide range of tubing materials. Besides manual types, electric pipe cutters are also available.

What Is a Cut Resistant Glove?

Cut-resistant gloves are designed to offer protection against cuts and punctures, making them more durable than standard protective gloves. These gloves are essential for handling sharp objects and blades, significantly reducing the risk of hand injuries. They are particularly beneficial in environments where workers are exposed to potential hazards, enhancing both safety and work efficiency.

It’s important to use these gloves as part of a comprehensive safety approach, especially when operating dangerous machinery. Proper selection and maintenance are crucial to ensure these gloves provide the intended protection.

Uses of Cut Resistant Gloves

These gloves find applications across various sectors:

• Manufacturing Industry – Utilized by metal and woodworkers to prevent injuries from cutting tools and machinery.
• Construction Industry – Used to handle building materials and tools, offering protection during cutting and bending tasks.
• Food Processing – Essential for meat processing and kitchen work, safeguarding against knife accidents.

Principle of Cut Resistant Gloves

These gloves are constructed from materials like glass fiber, aramid fiber, and steel mesh, which are known for their high resistance to cuts. Their multi-layered design enhances protection, with each layer serving a specific purpose, from comfort to durability. The gloves work by dispersing the force of impact, preventing deep penetration and subsequent injuries.

How to Select Cut Resistant Gloves

Considerations for selecting these gloves include:

• Material – Choose based on the work environment; aramid fibers for heat resistance, steel mesh for superior cut protection.
• Grip – Look for gloves with non-slip enhancements for better handling in various conditions.
• Size – Select gloves that fit well to ensure safety and comfort.
• Standards – Ensure gloves meet relevant safety standards like EN 388 or ANSI/ISEA 105 for assured protection.

What Is an Outlet Box?

An outlet box is a junction on the wall of a building or other location that transports the AC current sent from the power plant to various electronic devices.

A voltage of 100 or 200 volts is applied, and each outlet has a specific current rating.

The electrical power is supplied to the outlet by plugging in a plug connected to the electronic device.

There are two types of outlets: recessed outlets, which are pre-installed in the wall, and exposed outlets, which are retrofitted. In Japan, 2-pole outlets with two plugs are the most common type.

Uses of Outlet Boxes

Outlet boxes are widely used as connectors for supplying electric power.

A 100-volt voltage is applied to an ordinary household outlet, which is used as a power source for various electrical appliances. The maximum current is 15 amps, so the maximum power can be used as the product of these up to 1500 watts.

Some appliances, such as air conditioners and induction cooktops, have 200 volts and require a dedicated outlet.

Many 200-volt outlets are used in factories that handle commercial equipment.

Principle of Outlet Boxes

Electricity produced by Japanese power companies is delivered to homes and factories as alternating current (AC).

Outlet boxes are connection device installed in a wall or other location to transport the AC power to the electrical equipment.

On the other hand, the component that plugs into the outlet is called a plug.

Depending on how the outlet is installed, there are two types: recessed and exposed.

The recessed type is a method in which the location and number of required outlets are planned in advance, and the electrical wiring and outlets are placed inside the building. The outlets are embedded inside the building, and the structure is not likely to affect the exterior appearance.

On the other hand, the exposed type is a method in which a new outlet is installed on the wall when it becomes necessary to install a new outlet.

The number of electrodes (number of poles) that apply voltage to the outlet is specified and can be 2-pole, 3-pole, or 4-pole. The shape differs from country to country, but in Japan, 2-pole outlets are most common.

There are also four types of rated capacities that can be used: 15 amps, 20 amps, 30 amps, and 50 amps. There are two types of voltages: 100 volts and 200 volts.

What Is a Propane Gas Burner?

Propane gas burners are devices that utilize propane gas as fuel, reaching flame temperatures between 2,732 °F and 3,632 °F. These burners are capable of processing materials such as metal and asphalt due to their high heat output, which also allows for rapid heating of objects.

Their compact and portable design makes them ideal for both outdoor activities and various industrial processes. Propane combustion is relatively clean, producing minimal impurities and not affecting food taste or process quality. However, indoor use requires adequate ventilation to prevent carbon dioxide buildup.

Uses of Propane Gas Burners

Propane gas burners are versatile tools used across numerous applications:

• Cooking – They are essential for preparing food both in home kitchens and outdoor settings, providing quick cooking through high heat output and controllable temperatures.
• Construction Industry – Used for sealing roofing materials by heating sealing substances, grass burning, road construction, and asphalt repair.
• Manufacturing Industry – Valuable for welding, cutting metals, glass forming, and heating processes due to their high-temperature capabilities.
• Agriculture and Livestock – Employed for weed disposal in agriculture through high-temperature flames and for drying crops and disinfecting poultry barns.

Principle of Propane Gas Burners

Propane gas burners operate by igniting a mix of propane gas and oxygen, generating heat through combustion. Propane from a tank vaporizes and mixes with oxygen drawn through air vents. Proper mixing ratios ensure stable combustion and efficient heat generation, with devices like ignition guns starting the combustion process.

How to Select Propane Gas Burners

Key factors to consider when selecting a propane gas burner include:

• Size – Choose based on the intended location of use, considering compact models for portability and larger ones for industrial use.
• Heat Output – Select based on the heat output needed for your application, with higher outputs for industrial processes.
• Hose Length – Ensure the hose length allows for proper positioning from the tank, prioritizing durability and leakage prevention.
• Flame Size – Choose the flame size appropriate for the task, with smaller focal points for detailed work and larger ones for heating broad areas.

 

What Is a Door Catch?

A door catch is a type of metal fitting that is attached to various open/close plates, including doors. It serves a similar purpose and function to a built-in door latch, such as those installed on front doors. However, in terms of form, it is a simple and retrofit-friendly component used for fastening doors.

In recent years, door catches have become essential in the construction of flat wall interiors and built-in storage solutions without handles or knobs, which are in high demand. The door catch mechanism is commonly seen, and it is often a standard specification in car dashboard accessory storage.

Uses of Door Catches

Door catches have a wide range of applications, including storage units, cupboards, car interiors, tool storage, and furniture. They are particularly common in luggage cabinets of vehicles and airliners. An example of a widely seen small door catch component is the magnetic opening and closing mechanism used in smartphone and tablet covers. These covers open like a book and stay securely closed, even when placed in a bag or backpack.

The term “door catches” can also refer to “doorstop brackets” installed on the top of doors or walls. These brackets slow down the impact of the door plate when the door is opened or closed. Additionally, floor parts that prevent an open door from swinging further open are also referred to as door catches and are widely available.

Principle of Door Catches

Door catches are used as fasteners for simple doors, cupboards, and more. They typically work in pairs, with one component on the door side and the other on the fixed side.

Door catches can be made from various materials, including plastic, steel, tinplate, alloys, titanium, copper, and others. Metal door catches are preferred for cupboard doors due to their durability. Magnetic types are often used for products that are frequently opened and closed, such as smartphone and tablet holders.

One type of door catch is the “magnet clutch type,” which features a spring clasp with both a magnet and a clutch element. It opens with a simple push and is commonly used in luggage cabinets on luxury passenger aircraft, long-distance buses, and sleeper express trains.

Other types of door catches include the pole type and roller catch type, often used for furniture doors. These catches are fastened by pushing the strike into the spring of the catch on the receiving side. The roller type is known for its strong gripping force.

Plastic door catches are frequently used in magnetic door catches and lightweight push-in door catches.