What Is a High Voltage Converter?
A high voltage converter is a device that converts high voltage currents, such as 200 V and 400 V, commonly used in industrial settings. A converter that changes AC current to DC current is known as an AC/DC converter, while a converter that modifies DC current levels is called a DC/DC converter. Most AC/DC converters utilize diodes like MOSFETs for converting AC to DC through switching, whereas DC/DC converters typically use resistors or other components to induce a voltage drop, thereby altering the voltage.
Uses of High Voltage Converters
High voltage converters are widely used in industries requiring high voltage power supplies. These converters are essential for powering industrial DC motors, converting power for industrial equipment from AC to DC, and reducing voltage to drive equipment at its rated current. When selecting high voltage converters, compatibility with the intended current and voltage, size, loss, insulation performance, and safety are critical considerations.
Principles of High Voltage Converters
The operating principles of high voltage converters vary between AC/DC and DC/DC types:
- AC/DC High Voltage Converters
An AC/DC high voltage converter typically includes an AC power connection terminal, a DC power supply terminal, and MOSFET diodes. These diodes are often arranged in a diamond-like configuration. The switching action of MOSFETs is utilized to convert AC current to DC. When AC current passes through the diamond-shaped diode arrangement, the positive current continues unaltered, while the negative current is switched to positive. This process effectively converts AC to DC. - DC/DC High Voltage Converters
A DC/DC high voltage converter may include a resistor, a transistor, or a transformer. Resistors in the circuit create a voltage drop to reduce voltage levels. Transistors achieve voltage reduction by switching the current in a pulse-wave manner. Transformers, on the other hand, use the number of coil turns to cause a voltage drop or increase, depending on the design.