What Is Calcium Carbide?
Calcium carbide, a grayish-white solid with the formula CaC2 and a molecular weight of 64.10, was first recognized for its ability to produce acetylene and calcium hydroxide upon reaction with water by Friedrich Wöhler in 1862. Known commercially as carbide, it is commonly used to generate acetylene gas.
Properties of Calcium Carbide
With a melting point of approximately 2,300°C and a density of 2.22, calcium carbide’s crystal form is tetragonal at room temperature. Its structure comprises calcium ions and acetylide ions, transforming to a cubic system at 450°C. Pure calcium carbide is colorless, though commercial varieties are gray or brown due to impurities, consisting mainly of CaC2.
Uses of Calcium Carbide
Primarily, calcium carbide is used to produce acetylene gas for industrial purposes, including lime nitrogen fertilizers and acetylene burners. It has historical significance in organic compound synthesis and is used in steelmaking as a desulfurizing agent.
Other Information on Calcium Carbide
1. Manufacturing Process
Produced by heating coke and quicklime in an electric furnace, the method for creating calcium carbide was discovered independently by T.L. Wilson and H. Moissant in 1892.
2. Reaction with Water and Nitrogen
Calcium carbide reacts with water to produce acetylene and with nitrogen to form calcium cyanamide, a fertilizer, demonstrating its ability to cleave the triple bond of nitrogen at high temperatures.
3. Regulatory Information
Calcium carbide is recognized as a hazardous material, necessitating careful handling due to its potential for violent reactions with water and combustibility.
4. Handling and Storage Precautions
- Store in a cool, ventilated area away from moisture and direct sunlight.
- Use in well-ventilated or outdoor areas to avoid explosive reactions with water.
- Avoid contact with substances that could ignite or cause explosions.
- Employ protective gear during handling and ensure thorough washing post-use.