What Is Sodium Cyanide?
Sodium cyanide is a white, water-soluble solid with the chemical formula NaCN. It has a molecular weight of 49.0072 and is identified by CAS number 143-33-9. Sodium cyanide reacts with acids to produce highly poisonous hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN).
Properties of Sodium Cyanide
Sodium cyanide has a melting point of 564°C, a boiling point of 1,496°C, and a density of 1.595 g/cm3. It is easily soluble in water, ammonia, methanol, and ethanol, with its aqueous solution displaying strong alkalinity. Its solubility extends slightly to DMF and sulfur dioxide.
Uses of Sodium Cyanide
Sodium cyanide is utilized in metal plating, gold and silver metallurgy, organic synthesis, and the production of cyanide salts. In agriculture, its active ingredient quickly decomposes, preventing osmotic transfer to crops. Alkaline and copper cyanide baths, known for uniform electrodeposition, are applied in complex-shaped zinc and aluminum die-casting plating. Sodium cyanide’s high toxicity also aids in rapid specimen collection by entomologists.
Other Information on Sodium Cyanide
1. Manufacturing Process of Sodium Cyanide
Sodium cyanide production involves treating hydrogen cyanide with sodium hydroxide, ionizing it into cyanide and sodium ions. Historically, it was also prepared through the Kastner process, reacting sodium amide with carbon at high temperatures.
2. Reaction of Sodium Cyanide
The gold cyanide reaction, a key method for extracting gold from ores, leverages gold’s affinity for cyanide. This process produces sodium dicyanoferrate by oxidizing and dissolving gold with cyanide in the presence of air and water.
3. Regulatory Information
Sodium cyanide is regulated under various laws, and classified as a hazardous substance with specific handling and storage requirements to mitigate its toxic effects and environmental impact.
4. Handling and Storage Precautions
Handling and storage precautions include storing in cool, dark, ventilated areas, using protective gear, avoiding violent reactions with acids, and thorough cleaning after exposure. In case of inhalation or skin/eye contact, immediate actions such as seeking fresh air, washing with water, and obtaining medical attention are crucial.