What Is Iron Oxide?
Iron oxide is a compound formed by the chemical reaction of iron and oxygen, and is an important substance widely found in nature.
It is known to have different compositions, such as iron (II) oxide (FeO) and iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3), depending on the oxidation number. Both are iron oxides and, along with iron hydroxide, are components of rust.
Uses of Iron Oxide
Iron oxide is used in various fields because of its properties and characteristics.
1. Iron
Iron oxide is mined primarily in the form of red iron ore and magnetite. These iron oxides can be reduced at high temperatures to produce metallic iron, which is essential in the construction industry.
2. Magnetic Materials
Some iron oxides are magnetic and used as magnetic materials in compasses, speakers, motors, and recording media such as magnetic tapes and disks.
3. Pigments
Iron oxide comes in colors such as red, black, and yellow, making it useful as pigments and dyes in painting, printing, and dyeing applications.
4. Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals
It is used in pharmaceuticals to treat anemia and in cosmetics such as lipsticks and blushes.
5. Medical Care
In the medical field, it serves as a contrast agent in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
Properties of Iron Oxide
Iron oxide exhibits various properties, with some characteristic ones listed below:
1. Color
Iron oxide compounds produce substances of different colors, including red, yellow, and black, making them valuable as pigments.
2. Magnetism
Magnetic iron oxides have strong magnetic properties, making them important for electronics and magnets.
3. Chemical Stability
Iron oxides are chemically stable and relatively resistant to acids and bases, making them suitable for various environments.
Types of Iron Oxide
Iron oxides are classified based on their oxidation number:
1. Iron (II) Oxide (FeO)
Also known as ferrous oxide, it is used in enamels, catalysts, and heat-absorbing glass.
2. Iron (III) Oxide (Fe2O3)
Also called ferric oxide, it is used as a pigment, abrasive, and raw material for magnetic tapes and magnets.
3. Iron (II, III) Oxide (Fe3O4)
Also known as magnetite, it is used for pigments, inks, and magnetic materials.
Other Information on Iron Oxide
Iron (III) Oxide Production Method
Iron oxide (III) is produced from iron sulfate (FeSO4) obtained as a by-product from acid cleaning waste. It undergoes dehydration and decomposition processes to yield iron oxide particles.
FeSO4・7H2O → FeSO4・H2O + 6H2O
2FeSO4・H2O → Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 + 2H2O