What Is Magnesium Oxide?
Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a common alkaline earth metal oxide compound with various industrial and medicinal applications.
With a chemical formula of MgO, molar mass of 40.3 g/mol, density of 3.65 g/cm3, and CAS number 1309-48-4, magnesium oxide is widely utilized due to its versatile properties.
Uses of Magnesium Oxide
1. Medicines
Magnesium oxide serves as a traditional stomachic and laxative, effectively neutralizing acidic liquids to alleviate symptoms of gastritis and gastric ulcers. Its slow-acting nature and minimal carbon dioxide release make it a less irritating antacid compared to alternatives like sodium bicarbonate.
Administered in small doses, magnesium oxide exhibits significant efficacy, softening intestinal contents to act as a laxative. However, excessive intake may lead to hypermagnesemia, characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness.
2. Industry
In various industrial applications, magnesium oxide is indispensable, serving as a raw material and additive for diverse products. Its thermal conductivity, insulation properties, acid resistance, and high-temperature resistance make it valuable in industries ranging from flue gas desulfurization to paint additives and ceramics manufacturing.
Recent attention has focused on its utility as a purifier of wastewater, soil conditioner, and fire-resistant material for emergency communication systems.
Properties of Magnesium Oxide
Magnesium oxide is virtually insoluble in water but soluble in acids, forming salts. Above 1,000°C, it becomes dense and insoluble in acids. It is also nearly insoluble in organic solvents and exhibits hygroscopic behavior, absorbing oxygen and water upon exposure to air.
Structure of Magnesium Oxide
At normal temperature and pressure, magnesium oxide exists as a hygroscopic white powder with a cubic crystal structure. Its light-reflecting properties find application in optical devices, while its fundamental properties are utilized in leather treatment.
Other Information on Magnesium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide Production Methods
Several methods exist for magnesium oxide production, including precipitation from seawater, burning of metallic magnesium, and heating or melting processes. Different processing conditions yield magnesium oxide variants with varying reactivity levels.