What Is Sulfuric Acid?
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), a colorless and odorless acidic liquid, is a fundamental raw material in the chemical industry, known for its versatility in various fields such as fertilizer production, metal smelting, and battery manufacturing. Classified for its potential to cause severe chemical burns, sulfuric acid demands careful handling.
Uses of Sulfuric Acid
Its applications span across creating fertilizers, dyes, and explosives, and refining oil and fats. Sulfuric acid acts as a key reagent in chemical synthesis, serving as a dehydrating, oxidizing, and drying agent. It’s also crucial in producing lead-acid batteries for cars.
Properties of Sulfuric Acid
This highly corrosive acid has a significant density and exhibits strong acidity, capable of reacting with metals and organic compounds through various mechanisms, including dehydration and sulfonation. Its high heat of dissolution necessitates careful dilution practices to avoid hazardous reactions.
Types of Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid is categorized based on concentration: dilute (less than 90%) and concentrated (more than 90%). Special forms include hot concentrated sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid, each with unique properties and industrial applications.
Sulfuric Acid Production
Modern industrial production predominantly uses the contact method, where sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide and subsequently absorbed in water to form sulfuric acid. This method is preferred for its efficiency and purity of the final product.