What Is Lithium Chloride?
Lithium chloride, denoted as LiCl, is an ionic compound composed of lithium and chlorine. Known for its chloride ion generation in solution, lithium ions act as Lewis acids. This compound is highly relevant in various industrial applications due to its unique properties.
Uses of Lithium Chloride
Lithium chloride serves multiple purposes:
1. Raw Material for Lithium Metal
It is crucial in producing lithium metal through the electrolysis of a molten mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride at 450°C.
2. Additives for Coupling Reactions
In organic synthesis, lithium chloride accelerates the Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling reaction, enhancing the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.
3. Miscellaneous Uses
Its applications extend to acting as an auxiliary agent for aluminum soldering, a dehumidifying agent in air conditioning, and a flame retardant in fireworks due to its red flame coloration.
Properties of Lithium Chloride
Lithium chloride is a colorless crystal with a molecular weight of 42.39 and CAS number 7447-41-8. It melts at 614°C and boils at 1357°C, showing notable hygroscopicity and solubility in water and polar organic solvents. Its aqueous solutions are neutral to slightly alkaline.
Types of Lithium Chloride
Unlike other alkali metal chlorides, lithium chloride forms various hydrates, including monohydrate, trihydrate, and pentahydrate.
Other Information About Lithium Chloride
1. Production
Lithium chloride is produced by reacting lithium carbonate or hydroxide with hydrochloric acid, requiring corrosion-resistant equipment due to its corrosive nature.
2. Handling and Storage
Handling precautions include avoiding contact with strong oxidizers and wearing protective gear due to its corrosiveness and potential toxicity. In case of fire, various extinguishing mediums can be used. It should be kept in a cool, dark place in a sealed container.