What Is Diethylene Glycol?
Diethylene glycol, a glycol derivative formed by the dehydration and condensation of two ethylene glycol molecules, is known by various names including diethyl glycol and 2,2′-oxydiethanol. Recognized under various safety laws, it poses significant toxicity risks to the liver, central nervous system, and kidneys upon oral ingestion, with a history of causing fatal poisonings due to its sweet taste.
Uses of Diethylene Glycol
Its applications are diverse, including use in brake fluid, antifreeze, lubricants, inks, cosmetics, and more, due to its chemical properties. However, following regulation changes, its use in toothpaste is banned, and only glycerin containing 0.1% or less diethylene glycol is permissible in cosmetics.
Properties of Diethylene Glycol
As a colorless, syrupy liquid, diethylene glycol has a melting point of -10.45°C and a boiling point of 244.3°C, dissolving readily in polar solvents like water. Its molecular details include a formula of C4H10O3, a molecular weight of 106.12, and a density of 1.1160 g/cm3 at 20°C.
Other Information on Diethylene Glycol
1. Synthesis of Diethylene Glycol
Produced as a byproduct in ethylene glycol manufacturing, it results from the reaction of ethylene glycol molecules with water. It is part of a family of compounds derived from ethylene oxide, varying by the number of ethylene oxide units (n), leading to various glycols being more hydrophilic due to their ether bonds.
2. Related Compounds and Synthesis
From ethylene glycol to polyethylene glycol, these compounds are synthesized through reactions with ethylene oxide, influenced by factors like temperature, catalysts, and reactants such as water or alcohol. The synthesis conditions determine the specific glycol produced, with diethylene glycol forming under certain conditions alongside other glycols like triethylene and tetraethylene glycol.