What Is a Fluid Coupling?
A fluid coupling is an essential device used to transmit rotational power between the engine and a mechanical load, employing a hydraulic process. It functions as a dynamic connector that uses a viscous fluid, typically oil, to transfer torque from one shaft to another without direct mechanical contact.
The core of a fluid coupling consists of two key components: impellers or turbines, one connected to the input shaft and the other to the output shaft. These impellers are enclosed within a sealed housing filled with fluid. As the input impeller rotates, it propels the fluid against the blades of the output impeller, thereby transferring energy through fluid dynamics. This action allows for the smooth and controlled transmission of power.
Fluid couplings are prized for their ability to provide a soft start and protect machinery from shock loads and vibrations by allowing for controlled acceleration and deceleration of the load. This capability significantly reduces wear and tear on mechanical components, enhancing the longevity of engines and transmission systems. Commonly found in automotive transmissions, heavy machinery, and industrial applications, fluid couplings facilitate efficient and reliable operations across a broad spectrum of uses.