What Is Rigid Polyurethane Foam?
Rigid polyurethane foam is a widely used insulation material in the construction industry. It is created by foaming a liquid polyurethane resin solution, which sets it apart from other insulation materials.
One unique feature is its application flexibility; it can be sprayed directly onto a construction surface, filling even the smallest gaps around electrical outlets, light switches, and fixtures, ensuring thorough insulation and airtightness.
Additionally, its self-adhesive properties allow it to bond strongly to various surfaces such as wood, metal, and concrete, forming an effective thermal insulation layer. This material outperforms others in thermal insulation because it contains solid, microscopic, independent air bubbles with excellent thermal insulation properties, offering significant insulation even in thin layers.
Uses of Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Rigid polyurethane foam is primarily utilized for building insulation, including:
1. Wall and Roof Insulation
Applied to walls and roofs, it minimizes external temperature effects, maintaining a comfortable interior climate.
2. Underfloor Insulation
Used beneath floors, it blocks cold air penetration, stabilizing indoor temperatures.
3. Opening Insulation
Installed around windows and doors to prevent thermal transfer through openings, enhancing overall insulation.
4. Floating Floor Insulation
Positioned under floor coverings to boost heating and cooling efficiency and enhance comfort.
Principles of Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Rigid polyurethane foam production involves mixing polyol with isocyanate. The reaction between these components forms the polyurethane resin and releases carbon dioxide gas, creating foam. This foam consists of numerous small, independent bubbles, each trapping carbon dioxide with low thermal conductivity, making it an excellent insulator.
Types of Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Rigid polyurethane foam is categorized by its application method into panel-type and spray-type.
1. Panel-Type Rigid Polyurethane Foam
This type is pre-foamed and cut into boards at manufacturing facilities, commonly used for wall and roof insulation.
2. Spray-Type Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Applied as a liquid, it is ideal for complex shapes and gaps, ensuring effective insulation by spraying and foaming on-site.
According to JIS standards, non-strength resistant spray-type foam is used for insulating walls, attics, and underfloors, while the load-bearing variant is utilized in refrigeration units, vehicles, and various storage solutions.
Other Information on Rigid Polyurethane Foams
Rigid Urethane Foam Manufacturing Process
The primary raw materials, polyisocyanate and polyol, are mixed with catalysts, foaming agents, and agents to form and stabilize the bubbles. The reaction of polyol and isocyanate triggers polymerization and foaming, creating the insulation material.
1. Panel Form Rigid Polyurethane Foam
The mixture is placed in a temperature-controlled mold, where polymerization and foaming occur, expanding to form the foam. After curing, it is cut and shaped as needed.
2. Spray-Type Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Specialized equipment sprays the mixture onto the designated area, with immediate mixing, polymerization, and foaming upon application. Adjustments to the raw materials account for environmental temperature variations during on-site installation.