What Is Cycloheximide?
Cycloheximide is an antibiotic with a range from colorless to light brown, known for its use in biochemical research due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Its IUPAC name is 4-[(2R)-2-[(1S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl]-2-hydroxyethyl]piperidine-2,6-dione, and it is also referred to as actidione, naramycin A, or U-4527.
Uses of Cycloheximide
1. Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
Primarily used in vitro due to its toxicity, cycloheximide inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis by blocking tRNA and mRNA movement on the ribosome. It’s notable for its quick action and reversibility. Cycloheximide does not affect mitochondrial protein synthesis, aiding in distinguishing between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein origins.
2. Agricultural Applications
Though its use has declined due to toxicity concerns, Cycloheximide has been employed as a plant growth regulator, pesticide, and antifungal agent for specific plant diseases. It’s used in various applications, including beer fermentation cultures to inhibit bacterial contamination.
Properties of Cycloheximide
Cycloheximide, with the chemical formula C15H23NO4 and a molecular weight of 281.35, is solid at room temperature. It is soluble in organic solvents and moderately soluble in water, with stability varying across different pH levels.
Other Information About Cycloheximide
1. Production
Produced naturally by streptomyces griseus, cycloheximide is obtained as a by-product of streptomycin production through fermentation.
2. Regulatory Information
Cycloheximide is subject to strict regulatory controls due to its hazardous nature, including requirements for labeling, notification, and precautions for handling and storage under various national laws and regulations.
3. Handling and Storage Precautions
Precautions include avoiding strong oxidizers, using local exhaust ventilation during handling, and specific methods for fire extinguishing. Cycloheximide should be kept in light-shielded, sealed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area.