What Is Amitriptyline?
Amitriptyline, also known as Tryptanol, is a member of the tricyclic antidepressant family. It was the first developed antidepressant and is used as a hydrochloride salt in pharmaceuticals and pharmacological research. Amitriptyline affects neurotransmitters in the brain and plays a role in biological phenomena at minute levels.
Uses of Amitriptyline
Primarily used as an antidepressant, amitriptyline relieves anxiety, depressed mood, and lethargy in humans. It improves the function of noradrenaline and serotonin in the brain, facilitating neurotransmission. Additionally, it is used to treat chronic nerve-related pain, migraines, tension-type headaches, and nocturia due to its sedative effects.
Properties of Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline is a white or light brown crystalline powder with a melting point of around 196°C. It is soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, and acetic acid, but insoluble in diethyl ether. It has the chemical formula C20H23N, a molecular weight of 277.403 g/mol, and a bitter and paralyzing taste. As a tricyclic compound, it contains three connected rings, including a benzene ring at each end.
Other Information on Amitriptyline
1. Amitriptyline Action
Amitriptyline acts on neuronal receptors involved in neurotransmission, inhibiting the reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin. Clinical effects usually occur one to two weeks after starting treatment.
2. Efficacy of Amitriptyline
It is considered an option for treating neuralgia and is as effective as Pregabalin, Duloxetine, and Gabapentin in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy.
3. Side Effects of Amitriptyline
Gradual reduction of amitriptyline is required to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Side effects include dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, urinary problems, and a risk of cardiogenic arrhythmias and self-injury. It may also increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and should be used with caution.