月: 2023年4月

What Is Chlordane?

Chlordane is an organochlorine compound, not a single compound but rather a mix of a dozen or more isomers. Once widely utilized in pesticides, termiticides, and wood preservatives, the use of chlordane has been banned due to its persistence and toxicity, accumulating easily in living organisms.

For food products, residue limits have been established, including specific limits for cis-chlordane and trans-chlordane in agricultural products, and a combined limit for chlordane content in fishery products, including cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, and oxy-chlordane.

Uses of Chlordane

In Japan, chlordane was used from 1950 to 1986 for rice and vegetable pesticides, termite control, and wood preservatives. Due to its persistence and toxicity in organisms, its production, sale, and use are now prohibited. Classified as a Group 2A pesticide ingredient by the IRAC, it affects the GABA receptors in pests, leading to nervous excitement, convulsions, and other symptoms.

Today, chlordane is used only as a standard reagent for pesticide residue testing, with use restricted to testing and research. Buyers must commit to using it solely for these purposes, in compliance with chemical substance regulations.

Properties of Chlordane

Chemical Formula	C10H6Cl8
English Name	Chlordane
CAS No.	57-74-9
Molecular Weight	409.78 g/mol

Chlordane is insoluble in water, miscible in organic solvents, and encompasses various structural isomers. The terms “Chlordane” and “Industrial Chlordane” refer to its various forms, including cis and trans isomers, and substances like oxychlordane and nonachlors.

Workplace safety data sheets and major reagent manufacturers in Japan use these terms, with compound percentages varying by product.

Other Information on Chlordane

1. Hazardousness and Regulatory Information

Chlordane is recognized as hazardous, causing acute toxicity, potential carcinogenicity, and damage to the nervous system. Residue standards for food products are established worldwide. Protective measures are recommended during handling.

2. Precautions for Use

Designated as deleterious, chlordane’s use is limited to research and analytical purposes, requiring protective measures during handling to prevent ingestion and exposure. Proper storage and handling precautions are essential to avoid risks associated with ignition and toxic decomposition products.

3. Disposal Method

Given its persistence and bioaccumulative nature, proper disposal of chlordane is crucial to prevent environmental contamination. Disposal should be conducted through licensed industrial waste contractors, with full disclosure of its hazards and toxicity.

What Is Captan?

Captan (C₉H₈Cl₃NO₂S) is a pesticide classified as a fungicide, used to protect crops from the harmful effects of fungi and bacteria. It is known for its broad-spectrum action, inhibiting multiple points of action, unlike fungicides that target specific processes such as mycelial respiration or cell wall synthesis.

It falls under the M (multiple action point contact activity) group in pesticide classification, based on its mechanism of action. Its diverse inhibitory effects prevent mycelium growth, reducing the likelihood of resistance development in fungi.

Captan is an odorless, white powdery substance at room temperature and pressure, often dissolved in water for application.

Uses of Captan

As a versatile fungicide, Captan is used for prevention and treatment in various agricultural settings. Its applications span two major categories:

1. Application by Spraying on Crops

By diluting captan-based fungicides in water, they can be sprayed onto crops at various growth stages. Its efficacy against fungicide-resistant strains makes it suitable for a broad range of plants, including fruit trees (apples, pears, grapes, peaches, plums), vegetables (eggplants, cucurbits), and ornamentals (roses). It is notably effective against downy mildew in cucumbers and gray mold in greenhouse tomatoes and strawberries, with some crops safe for spray application up to the day before harvest.

2. Seed Treatment

Another method involves treating seeds with captan fungicides, typically at a rate of 0.2% to 0.4% fungicide by seed weight. This protects the seeds from surface and internal pathogens, ensuring stable germination. It is effective against seedling blight in solanaceous plants (tomatoes, eggplants, peppers), cucurbits (cucumbers, melons, watermelons, pumpkins), and diseases caused by Pythium and Rhizoctonia in corn and other vegetables.

Types of Captan

Captan fungicides are categorized by their active ingredient concentration:

1. Orthocide Hydrate 80

Containing 80.0% captan, orthocide hydrate 80 is approved for a wide array of crops and diseases, including vegetable blights, fruit tree diseases, and seed treatment for cucurbits, eggplant, and ginger. It is also effective as a soil irrigation treatment during the seedling stage.

2. Oxirane Hydrate

With 20.0% captan and an additional 30.0% copper 8-hydroxyquinoline, oxirane hydrate combats a range of diseases in vegetables and fruit trees and is notable for its dual-active formula offering broad-spectrum prevention.

3. Caprate Hydrate

Caprate hydrate, which contains 60.0% Captan and 10.0% benomyl, targets diseases in pears, eggplants, and tomatoes. It is distinguished by its preventative and curative properties and long-lasting effectiveness.

Other Information on Captan

Precautions for Use

• Wear gloves, masks, and protective eyewear during application to prevent contact with eyes, nose, and skin.
• Adhere to established daily intake limits to avoid excessive consumption.
• Exercise caution to prevent adverse effects on silkworms, honeybees, and beneficial organisms, especially in environments where they are present.

What Is Endrin?

Figure 1. Structure of endrin

Endrin is an organic compound with the chemical formula C12C8Cl6O.

Another name for endrin is 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-endo-1,4-endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene.

Endrin was mainly used as a pesticide to control pests in vegetables and fruit trees, as well as a rat poison. It is a persistent organic pollutant and its use as an agricultural chemical is now banned.

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants prohibits the manufacture and use of the substance. In Japan, standard values for residues in food products have been established.

Uses of Endrin

Endrin was used as a pesticide and rodenticide until the 1970s. However, its persistence in the environment causes long-term toxicity and bioaccumulation. The use of endrin is currently prohibited in Japan and many foreign countries.

Properties of Endrin

Chemical formula	C12H8Cl6O
Japanese name	Endrin
English name	Endrin
CAS No.	72-20-8
Molecular weight	380.91 g/mol
Melting point/Freezing point	226-230°C
Boiling point or first distillation point and boiling range	Decomposes at 245°C below boiling point

1. Solubility of Endrin

Endrin is insoluble in water. However, it is soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, benzene, and xylene. It is also slightly soluble in hexane and carbon tetrachloride.

2. Stereoisomers of Endrin

Figure 2. Stereoisomeric structure of endrin

The stereoisomeric structure of endrin is dieldrin. Dieldrin is also regulated as a persistent organic pollutant.

Other Information on Endrin

1. Hazardous Properties of Endrin

Acute toxicity and specific target organ toxicity are reported as health hazards. Extreme caution is required because ingestion of endrin orally or dermally is life-threatening. It is also highly toxic to aquatic organisms.

2. Precautions for Use of Endrin

Endrin is acutely toxic both dermally and orally. Therefore, the use of respiratory protection, protective gloves, eyewear, and clothing is recommended when handling it.

Store any unused endrin in an appropriate location away from fire sources. Comply with all applicable laws and regulations for safe transport.

3. Disposal Methods

Endrin is regulated as a compound that must not be released into the environment. When disposing of endrin, ask a specialized waste disposal contractor to dispose of the product properly.

What Is Iprodione?

Iprodione (C₁₃H₁₃Cl₂N₃O₃) is a pesticide classified as a fungicide, used to protect crops from the harmful effects of plant pathogens such as filamentous fungi and bacteria.

It belongs to the dicarboximide fungicide class, falling under the signal transduction inhibitor group in the classification of pesticides by mechanism of action. It inhibits cell wall synthesis, preventing bacterial elongation, and its fungicidal action causes abnormal swelling and rupture of bacterial cells.

Characterized by its long-lasting effect, Iprodione is effective against various resistant strains of bacteria. It is highly effective against gray mold in crops such as cucumbers and strawberries, where resistance has become a problem, and also combats diseases like spotted leaf, black spot, and gray star disease in fruit trees.

At standard temperature and pressure, iprodione is an odorless, white powdery substance, primarily soluble in water.

Uses of Iprodione

Iprodione is used for the prevention and treatment of diseases in vegetables and fruit trees, being most effective against bacteria such as Alternaria, Botrytis, Sclerotinia, Monilia, Helminthosporium, and Cladosporium. It is applied in three main ways:

1. Spraying on Crops

The primary method involves diluting a fungicide containing iprodione in water and spraying it on crops. This approach is adopted from the early to late growth stages and applies to a wide range of diseases and crops, including vegetables like cucumbers, eggplants, strawberries, fruit trees such as Japanese apricots, grapes, and crops registered for use like buckwheat and tea.

2. Seed Treatment

As a second method, seeds are treated with a fungicide containing Iprodione. Typically, 0.5% of the seed’s weight in chemical is used, applied directly onto the seeds. This protects seeds from pathogens on the surface, inside, in the soil medium, or field soil, ensuring stable germination. It is notably effective against diseases like Alternaria alternata in vegetables and black leaf blight in carrots.

3. Fumigation

The third method involves fumigating with a fungicide containing Iprodione in enclosed spaces such as greenhouses. The fungicide is ignited on a special stand, and the area is vacated once smoke spreads. This method is registered for use against diseases like gray mold and is labor-saving, as pest control is achieved simply by ignition.

Types of Iprodione

Iprodione fungicides vary by the concentration of active ingredients:

1. Rovral Hydrate

Rovral Hydrate, containing 50.0% Iprodione, is a powdered fungicide used across a wide range of crops for diseases like mycorrhizal infections and vine blight in vegetables, and gray star disease and gray mold in fruit trees and ornamentals. It is applicable through water dilution, seed treatment, and fumigation.

2. Rovral Fumigant

Rovral Fumigant, a fuming product with 20.0% Iprodione, is designated for enclosed spaces such as greenhouses. It targets diseases like gray mold and mycorrhizal infections in tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, and more.

3. Robdor Hydrate

Robdor Hydrate contains 16.5% Iprodione and 34.0% copper 8-hydroxyquinoline, providing exceptional control over major diseases in crops like pears and lettuce, also registered for ornamental use.

Other Information on Iprodione

Cautions for Use

• Due to its high irritation potential to the eyes and mucous membranes, protective gear such as gloves, masks, and eyewear is recommended during application to avoid contact with eyes, nose, and skin.
• Care should be taken to prevent contamination of water bodies, as aquatic life may be adversely affected.
• The product should not be used near fire sources, as it poses a risk of ignition from heat, sparks, or flames.

What Is Isoxathion?

Isoxathion (C₁₃H₁₆NO₄PS) is an organophosphorous insecticide used to protect crops from various pests like bedbugs, borers, and scale insects. Classified as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, isoxathion disrupts normal neurotransmitter function in pests by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine, resulting in its insecticidal effect. Notably, it has dual action through phagocytotoxic and contact-toxic effects and is considered a deleterious substance.

Despite its effectiveness, isoxathion poses risks such as eye irritation, toxicity to aquatic organisms, and potential harm to the nervous system through prolonged exposure. Regulations in Japan, the U.S., and Europe have established standard residue values in food products to ensure safety.

Uses of Isoxathion

Isoxathion is effective against a broad range of insect pests and can be applied in two primary methods:

1. Spraying on Crops

For early-stage pest control, a water-diluted isoxathion insecticide is sprayed directly onto crops. This method applies to various crops and pests, offering broad-spectrum pest control.

2. Soil Application

Mixing isoxathion-based insecticides with soil during seed sowing or before planting seedlings, this method targets underground pests, providing effective control against specific soil-dwelling insects.

Types of Isoxathion Formulations

Several isoxathion insecticides are available, differentiated by their formulation and active ingredient concentration:

1. Calphos Emulsion

A liquid formulation with 50.0% active ingredient, suitable for a wide range of crops and pests.

2. Calphos Fine Granule

A fine-grained powder containing 3.0% active ingredient, designed for soil application with minimized wind dispersal.

3. Calphos Powder

A powdered formulation with 2.0% active ingredient, intended for soil application against pests in various vegetables and beans.

Safety Precautions for Isoxathion Use

• Handle with care due to its classification as a deleterious substance.
• Avoid use near mulberry plants to protect silkworms.
• Wear protective gear to prevent eye, nose, and skin exposure.

What Is Aldrin?

Figure 1. Structure of aldrin

Aldrin is a stable white solid organic compound with the chemical formula C12H8Cl6.

It is also known as 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-exo-1,4-endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene. Used as a pesticide and insecticide until the 1970s.

Aldrin is listed as deleterious and is carcinogenic, mutagenic, paraneoplastic, and teratogenic (reproductive toxicity). It is also a substance whose production and use is prohibited in principle by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

Uses of Aldrin

Until the 1970s, Aldrin was used in large quantities in soil and seeds as a pesticide and insecticide, as well as in wood preservatives and insect-repellent paints.

However, due to Aldrin’s insolubility and extreme stability in water, it was discovered that it remained in the environment and developed toxicity over a long period.

Currently, Aldrin is mainly used as a reagent for residue testing.

Properties of Aldrin

Chemical formula	C12H8Cl6
English name	Aldrin
CAS No.	309-00-2
Molecular weight	364.91 g/mol
Melting point/freezing point	104-105°C
Boiling point or first distillation point and boiling range	145°C (2mmHg)

1. Aldrin Solubility

Aldrin is slightly soluble in water. It is also soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and acetone.

2. Aldrin’s Stability

Figure 2. Structure of dieldrin

When Aldrin is applied as a pesticide in the environment, it is oxidized in soil or on plant surfaces and changes to a structure with an epoxide skeleton called dieldrin for a long period and continues to exhibit toxicity.

Therefore, both Aldrin and dieldrin are regulated as persistent organic pollutants.

Other Information on Aldrin

1. Aldrin Production Process

Figure 3. Method for producing Aldrin

Aldrin is synthesized by the Diels-Alder reaction using norbornadiene and hexachlorocyclopentadiene as raw materials. The Diels-Alder reaction is a versatile cycloaddition reaction, the developers of which, Otto Diels and Kurt Alder, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950.

The compound Aldrin is named after Kurt Alder.

2. Aldrin’s Toxicity

Aldrin may be life-threatening if ingested orally, dermally, or inhaled, and should be handled with extreme caution. There is no acute degradability.

3. Precautions for Aldrin Use

Because Aldrin is acutely toxic through dermal, oral, and inhalation exposure, the use of respiratory protection, protective gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing is recommended when handling Aldrin. In the unlikely event of skin contact or ingestion, immediate action is required. It is recommended that you carefully review the safety data sheet before using Aldrin.

In addition, aldrin decomposes when heated, producing toxic and corrosive gases (fumes) including hydrogen chloride. Aldrin should be stored in an appropriate storage location and away from fire.

4. Disposal method

Aldrin are compound that must not be released into the environment because of its potential impact on the surrounding environment. When disposing of Aldrin and its container, ask a professional waste disposal company licensed by the prefectural governor to dispose of it properly.

What Is Chlorine Oxide?

Chlorine oxide is the general term for the oxides of chlorine.

Specific compounds of chlorine oxide include dichlorine monoxide, chlorine dioxide, and dichlorine tetraoxide.

Other chlorine oxides include dichlorine hexaoxide (dichlorine hexaoxide) and dichlorine heptaoxide (dichlorine heptaoxide).

Uses of Chlorine Oxide

1. Dichlorine Monochloride

Dichlorine monochloride is used for bleaching pulp, flour, leather, fats, oils, and fibers, disinfecting and deodorizing water. It is also used as an oxidizing agent and a chlorinating agent.

2. Monochlorine Dioxide

Several similar uses of monochlorine dioxide exist. For example, it is used as a bleaching agent for paper, resins, fibers, flour, honey, etc., as well as an oxidizer and deodorizer. It is also used as a raw material for the manufacture of chlorite, among other things.

Monochlorine dioxide is characterized by its strong oxidizing power, which causes protein denaturation and disruption of cell membranes. It is therefore used as an antiseptic, antifungal agent, insecticide, and fungicide.

3. Dichlorine Heptaoxide

Dichlorine heptaoxide can be used as an oxidizing agent.

Properties of Chlorine Oxide

1. Dichlorine Monoxide

Dichlorine monoxide is a yellowish-brown gas under room temperature conditions and is explosive. Its melting point is -120.6 °C and its boiling point is 2.0 °C. It decomposes pyrolytically at 100-140 °C. It is soluble in water and reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid (HClO).

2. Monochlorine Dioxide

Monochlorine dioxide is a yellow to reddish-yellow gas at room temperature. Its melting point is -59 °C and its boiling point is 11 °C. Monochlorine dioxide decomposes under light.

It is explosive upon impact or contact with organic materials. It is soluble in water and yellow crystals can be obtained from an aqueous solution.

Structure of Chlorine Oxide

1. Dichlorine Monoxide

The chemical formula of chlorine dichloride monoxide is Cl2O and its molecular weight is 86.91. Cl-O is 1.7 Å and ∠Cl-O-Cl is 110.89°. It has a folded line structure.

2. Monochlorine Dioxide

The chemical formula of monochlorine dioxide is ClO2 and its molecular weight is 67.45. Cl-O is 1.47 Å and angle O-Cl-O is 117.40°, forming a line structure.

3. Dichlorine Tetroxide

The chemical formula of chlorine tetroxide is Cl2O4 and its molecular weight is 134.90. At -150°C, ClO2 forms a weak bond, the dimer OCl(μ-O)2ClO.

Other Information on Chlorine Oxide

1. Synthesis of Chlorine Oxide

Chlorine Monoxide (II)
Can be obtained by the reaction of mercury (II) oxide with chlorine.

Monochlorine Dioxide
Formed by the reaction of chlorates of alkali metals with concentrated sulfuric acid containing sulfur dioxide.

Dichlorine Tetrachloride
Cl(ClO4) can be produced by the reaction of cesium perchlorate (CsClO4) with sulfuryl chloride (ClSO2F) as Cl(ClO4), which together with CsSO2F is highly unstable Cl(ClO4) is considered to be the perchlorate of chlorine.

2. Characteristics of Chlorine Oxide

At room temperature, chlorine oxide is a reddish-brown oily liquid with a melting point of 3.5 °C and a boiling point of 203 °C. The chemical formula of chlorine hexoxide is Cl2O6 and its molecular weight is 166.90. The structure of chlorine hexoxide is believed to be [ClO2]+[ClO4]-.

Gaseous chlorine dichloride exists as an equilibrium state with ClO3 molecules. The reaction of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) with ozone (O3) at -10 °C yields dichlorine hexoxide. It is also produced by the photochemical reaction of chlorine (Cl2) and ozone (O3). Dihydrochloric oxide reacts with water to form chloric acid (HClO3) and perchloric acid (HClO4).

3. Characteristics of Dihydrochloric Oxide

Dihydrochloric oxide is a colorless, oily liquid. It has a density of 1.86 g/cm3, a melting point of -91.5 °C, a boiling point of 81 °C, and is explosive on impact.

The chemical formula of chlorine heptaoxide is Cl2O7 and its molecular weight is 182.90. The molecular structure of both gaseous and solid dichlorine heptaoxide is two tetrahedral forms of ClO4, each sharing one oxygen atom, forming a dimer form.

The reaction of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) with perchloric acid (HClO4) at low temperatures can produce dichlorine heptaoxide. Dichlorine heptaoxide explodes on impact and decomposes into oxygen (O2) and chlorine (Cl2) when heated.

What Is Phenyl Acetate?

Phenyl acetate is an organic compound, classified as one of the phenolic esters, having the structure of dehydration-condensation of acetic acid and phenol. Its molecular formula is C8H8O2, molecular weight is 136.15, density is approximately 1.08 g/ml, and the CAS number is 122-79-2.

Other names include phenol acetate and acetoxybenzene.

Properties of Phenyl Acetate

Phenyl acetate is a colorless liquid that exhibits a phenolic odor at room temperature and pressure. It is almost insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and ether. It is synthesized by the reaction of acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride with phenol. In this reaction, the nucleophilic nature of the oxygen atom of phenol is utilized. It is synthesized by reacting with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride, which are susceptible to nucleophilic substitution reactions.

The boiling point of this substance is approximately 384.8 °F (196 °C), but its flash point is 201 °F (94 °C). At temperatures above 176 °F (80 °C), there is a risk of spontaneous ignition or explosion. Therefore, it should be handled in a closed system and ventilated thoroughly.

Since it is irritating to the skin and eyes, rubber gloves and protective eyewear should be worn when handling it.

Uses of Phenyl Acetate

Uses of phenyl acetate include use as a raw material for synthesizing various organic compounds, such as enzyme substrates and inhibitors. It is a relatively inexpensive reagent that is readily available. However, this substance is not often used on its own.

Phenyl acetate has a benzene ring structure with an ester group attached to it, allowing various modifications to be made to the benzene ring. Many of the transmitters in the human body have such a structure and are therefore used as raw materials for drugs that target these transmitters and receptors. Since this substance is a substrate for esterases, it is used as a raw material for esterase inhibitors.

Phenyl acetate also rearranges to 2- or 4-hydroxyphenyl methyl ketone in the presence of Lewis acids and is used as a raw material for the synthesis of various aromatic organic compounds, mainly as nitrophenyl phenyl derivatives. Since this substance is an ester, it is neither acidic nor basic, and there are no nucleophilic or electrophilic moieties, making it very easy to handle.

Other Information on Phenyl Acetate

Differences From Phenyl Acetate

It should be noted that the structural formula of phenyl acetate is CH3-COO-Ph, which is a different substance from phenyl acetate (Ph-CH2-COOH). Phenyl acetate has a carboxyl group and exhibits completely different properties.

About Phenyl Mercury Acetate

One substance with a very similar structure derived from phenyl acetate is phenyl mercury acetate. This substance is an organometallic compound with a mercury atom inserted between an oxygen atom and a carbon atom on the benzene ring.

Phenyl mercury acetate was registered as an agricultural chemical in 1948 as a special agent to kill rice blast fungus, but it expired in 1973. At the time, the toxicity of methylmercury, which caused Minamata disease, was a hot topic of public debate, and phenyl mercury acetate, an organic compound that also contains mercury, was no longer used due to social unrest over mercury compounds.

However, methyl mercury was not detected in phenyl mercury acetate, and no toxicity was noted. However, there have been cases of poisoning during experiments and cases of poisoning during pesticide spraying. It is now being substituted by other pesticides and is no longer used.

This compound can be synthesized by heat refluxing mercury(II) acetate with trifluorosilylbenzene in benzene or by reaction of diphenylmercury with acetic acid.

What Is Isobutyl Acetate?

Isobutyl acetate, or 2-methylpropyl acetate, is an organic compound with the formula C₆H₁₂O₂, recognized for its fruity scent that contributes significantly to banana aroma.

Uses of Isobutyl Acetate

It serves a diverse range of purposes, from being a solvent in the paint and ink industries to a flavoring agent in food, highlighting its versatility in both industrial and food sectors.

Properties of Isobutyl Acetate

This compound exhibits a clear colorless appearance, with a fruity odor detectable in natural sources such as raspberries and bananas. It’s noted for its high solubility in organic solvents and limited solubility in water, alongside its flammability.

Types of Isobutyl Acetate

Isobutyl acetate is distributed both as a laboratory reagent in manageable quantities and as a bulk industrial chemical, catering to a wide spectrum of applications.

Other Information on Isobutyl Acetate

1. Synthesis of Isobutyl Acetate

Its synthesis via Fischer esterification or direct esterification outlines its chemical formation process, emphasizing its ester nature.

2. Hazardousness of Isobutyl Acetate

Classified for its physicochemical hazards, it necessitates implementing safety measures including ventilation and personal protective equipment to mitigate health risks.

3. Regulatory Information on Isobutyl Acetate

Regulatory oversight under various safety laws mandates proper handling and labeling to ensure safety in its storage, usage, and disposal within industrial and laboratory environments.

What Is Isoamyl Acetate?

Isoamyl acetate, with the formula C₇H₁₄O₂, also known as 3-methylbutyl acetate or isopentyl acetate, is celebrated for its fruity aroma, reminiscent of bananas, and utilized broadly in flavorings and fragrances.

Uses of Isoamyl Acetate

Its applications span from being a flavor enhancer in food products to serving as a solvent and extractant in industrial processes, making it a versatile compound in the chemical industry.

Properties of Isoamyl Acetate

This compound is a clear, colorless volatile liquid, with a fruity odor, and soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. Its physical characteristics include a low melting point, moderate boiling point, and flammability.

Types of Isoamyl Acetate

Available both as a research reagent in various sizes and as an industrial chemical in larger volumes, it caters to a wide array of uses from laboratory research to large-scale industrial applications.

Other Information on Isoamyl Acetate

1. Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate

The compound is synthesized through Fischer esterification, highlighting its formation from acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol under acidic conditions.

2. Hazard Information on Isoamyl Acetate

Classified for its physicochemical hazards, it necessitates careful handling, adequate ventilation, and personal protective equipment to mitigate risks associated with its use.

3. Regulatory Information on Isoamyl Acetate

Regulated under various safety laws, its management adheres to strict guidelines to ensure safety in its storage, handling, and application in different industries.