What Is an Electromagnetic Simulation Software?
An electromagnetic simulation software numerically solves Maxwell’s equations on a PC to analyze the electric and magnetic fields applied to an object. This type of software comes in two forms: free-to-use software and commercial software that requires a license fee, with JMAG being a notable example of the latter.
Such software is in demand for various applications, including electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis for automotive wire harnesses, motor designs, and high-frequency analysis related to 5G technology.
Electromagnetic simulation software often incorporates coupled analysis, enabling the simultaneous analysis of electromagnetic fields along with vibration analysis and other methods.
Uses of Electromagnetic Simulation Software
A prime use of this software is in EMC analysis, which involves ensuring that devices neither emit nor are affected by external electromagnetic interference. Failure in achieving EMC can lead to equipment malfunctions or impaired performance, potentially causing severe damage.
While EMC is traditionally measured physically, the accuracy can vary based on measurement conditions and is time-consuming. Electromagnetic simulation offers a more efficient alternative, allowing for ideal condition settings and avoiding accuracy issues common in physical measurements.
Principles of Electromagnetic Simulation Software
At the core of electromagnetic field analysis are Maxwell’s equations, comprising four fundamental laws:
- Gauss’s law, describing the relation between electric charge and electric field.
- A magnetic counterpart to Gauss’s law, stating that magnetic charges do not exist and magnetic fields are always dipolar (N and S poles).
- Faraday’s law, indicating that changing magnetic fields induce electric fields.
- Ampere’s law, illustrating that electric currents generate magnetic fields.
The approach to solving Maxwell’s equations varies with frequency. At high frequencies, the interaction between electric and magnetic fields requires solving both simultaneously. At low frequencies, the equations can be simplified into separate electric and magnetic components. High-frequency analysis is inherently more complex due to the need to address both fields.