What Is a Circuit Breaker Switch?
A circuit breaker switch is an electrical device that enables or disables the flow of power by opening or closing its contact points, functioning as a critical component in controlling and protecting electrical circuits. Commonly known as switches, these devices vary, with electromagnetic circuit breakers/contactors being standard in low-voltage scenarios. Thermal relays add functionality, differentiating electromagnetic switches from contactors.
Uses of Circuit Breaker Switches
Employed extensively in industrial settings, circuit breaker switches have diverse applications including:
- Driving motors for pumps and fans
- Controlling electric heaters
- Managing main power supplies for industrial equipment
- Powering commercial facilities with high-voltage
Protection against short circuits and overcurrent, especially in motor drives, is often managed with thermal relays and breakers to ensure safety and equipment integrity.
Principle of Circuit Breaker Switches
Electromagnetic contactors serve as a prime example, comprising terminals, contacts, an iron core with an electromagnetic coil, and a casing. Additional thermal relays define an electromagnetic switch, enhancing its functionality and application range.
1. Terminal
Connection points for wiring, which vary by region and application, ensuring secure electrical connections.
2. Contacts
The conductive parts that allow electricity to flow, designed to handle varying currents with materials like silver alloys for low resistance and gold for sensitive applications.
3. Iron Core and Electromagnetic Coil
These components magnetize when energized, driving the contacts to connect or disconnect the electrical circuit, with designs ensuring reliable operation through mechanical or magnetic latching.
4. Casing
Protects internal components while providing insulation, with modern designs allowing for easy mounting and robust protection.
Types of Circuit Breaker Switches
Circuit breaker switches come in various forms, including:
1. Electromagnetic Circuit Breaker Switch
Utilizes electromagnetic force for operation, suitable for low-voltage applications.
2. Push Button Station
A manually operated switch, holding its state until reset, used without thermal relays but crucial in direct control applications.
3. Airborne Category Switchgear
Designed for high-voltage circuits, these switches manage load disconnection and are often paired with protective devices to ensure comprehensive circuit protection.