What Is Cyanamide?
Cyanamide, also known as amidocyanogen, cyanogenamide, carbamonitrile, or carbamic nitrile, is an amide derived from cyanogen.
Uses of Cyanamide
1. Pharmaceuticals
Cyanamide is utilized as a deterrent for alcohol consumption, promoting sobriety by causing unpleasant sensations upon alcohol intake. This effect is due to cyanamide’s inhibition of acetaldehyde breakdown, leading to its accumulation and the onset of symptoms like facial flushing, nausea, and dizziness. These adverse effects, appearing within five minutes and lasting up to 24 hours, discourage alcohol consumption.
Common side effects include nausea and headache. Immediate medical consultation is recommended for severe side effects such as skin disorders or liver function impairment.
2. Fertilizers
As a pesticide and fertilizer, the calcium salt of cyanamide enhances agricultural productivity. It gradually transforms into urea and ammonia, contributing to soil fertility with its insecticidal and fungicidal properties.
Properties of Cyanamide
Cyanamide, a colorless crystalline solid, has a molecular formula of CH2N2 and a molecular weight of 42.04. Notable for its solubility in polar solvents, cyanamide has a melting point of 45°C and a boiling point of 260°C. Its acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 10.3 indicates its strength as an acid.
Types of Cyanamide
Cyanamide and carbodiimide are related isomers, with cyanamide converting to dicyandiamide in basic solutions.
Other Information on Cyanamide
1. How Cyanamide Is Produced
Produced through various chemical reactions, including the action of water on calcium cyanamide or the reaction with acetic acid, cyanamide can be refined through recrystallization.
2. Regulatory Information
Cyanamide is subject to various national laws and regulations, including those related to poisonous substances and environmental management.
3. Handling and Storage Precautions
Mixing with strong oxidizers should be avoided, and protective measures should be taken to prevent skin irritation. In case of fire, appropriate extinguishing agents include carbon dioxide and water spray.