What Is Pentobarbital?
Pentobarbital, known as Nembutal among other names, is a white powder organic compound used primarily in the medical field. Classified under various safety regulations due to its potent effects and potential hazards, it has seen restricted use over the years.
Uses of Pentobarbital
Historically used as a sedative-hypnotic, pre-anesthetic, and for treating insomnia, pentobarbital’s usage has diminished due to safety concerns. It has also been used for euthanasia in some countries and as an animal anesthetic and euthanasia drug.
Properties of Pentobarbital
With a chemical formula of C11H18N2O3, pentobarbital is notable for its solubility in water and ethanol, and its stability in various forms. It decomposes in water and has specific physical characteristics, such as a melting point of 130°C and a molecular weight of 226.27.
Types and Structure of Pentobarbital
Sold primarily as a sodium salt, pentobarbital is part of the barbiturate class of drugs, characterized by a distinct chemical structure that includes a barbituric acid core.
Other Information on Pentobarbital
Side Effects and Precautions
Common side effects include dizziness, nausea, and headache. It’s contraindicated for patients with certain conditions like bronchial asthma. Handling precautions emphasize avoiding oxidizing agents and ensuring proper storage away from direct sunlight.
Synthesis and Regulatory Information
Pentobarbital can be synthesized through various chemical reactions, involving compounds like ethyl 1-methylbutyl cyanoacetate. It’s regulated under laws concerning ship safety, civil aeronautics, and controlled substances, reflecting its potent effects and potential for misuse.
Pentobarbital Sodium
The sodium variant of pentobarbital, with a molecular weight of 248.25, is used in medical applications where solubility in water is required. Its hygroscopic nature and solubility characteristics are key for its pharmaceutical formulations.