What Is Hexane?
Hexane is a colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor, possessing a molecular weight of 86.18 and a CAS number of 110-54-3. It is a typical aliphatic hydrocarbon compound. Hexane and its isomers, including isohexane, are collectively referred to as hexanes.
Properties of Hexane
1. Physical Properties
Hexane has a melting point of -95°C, a boiling point of 69°C, and a specific gravity of 0.65 g/mL. It is highly soluble in organic compounds like ethanol and diethyl ether, but almost insoluble in water.
2. Effects on the Human Body
n-Hexane is metabolized in the body into compounds like 2-hexanol and 2,5-hexanediol, which can oxidize to neurotoxic 2,5-hexanedione, causing polyneuropathy. As a result, alternatives like n-heptane are being considered for solvent use.
Uses of Hexane
1. Solvent
Hexane is widely used as a solvent in the production of polyolefin polymerization, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and fine chemicals. It is also used in paints, inks, adhesives, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
2. Detergent
As a primary component of benzene, isohexane is often used as a cleaning agent in factories and laboratories to remove grease and oil. However, it may attack plastics and rubber.
3. Food Additive
Though hexane is toxic, it is not labeled as an additive due to its complete removal during processing, owing to its low boiling point.
Other Information on Hexane
1. Production Process of Hexane
Hexane is primarily obtained by refining crude oil. The industrial product, typically about 50% linear isomer, is the fraction boiling at 65-70°C.
2. Handling and Storage Precautions
Important precautions for handling and storage include keeping containers tightly closed and storing them in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place; avoiding heat, sparks, and flames; not inhaling mists or vapors; using protective gear; and washing hands thoroughly after handling.