What Is Tetrabromoethane?
Tetrabromoethane (TBE), an organic halogenated hydrocarbon, has the molecular formula C2H2Br4. Officially known as 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane, it is also referred to as acetylene tetrabromide. It is a colorless to yellow liquid with a pungent odor, similar to camphor and iodoform. Tetrabromoethane has a molecular weight of 345.65, a melting point of 32°F (0°C), and a boiling point of 470°F (243.5°C). With a heavy density of 2.967 g/mL, it is almost insoluble in water but miscible in ethanol, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane.
Uses of Tetrabromoethane
Tetrabromoethane is used as a solvent, a flame retardant for styrene resins, and a catalyst in TPA. It enhances flame retardancy in polymeric materials and is used in producing brominated polystyrene. It is also employed for specific gravity sorting in recycling, separating metals from substances like sand and limestone due to its high density. Additionally, it sometimes substitutes bromoform for its liquid-phase temperature range and low vapor pressure.
Principle of Tetrabromoethane
1. Synthesis:
It is synthesized via bromine addition to 1,2-dibromoethylene. Tetrabromoethane decomposes under light and heat, turning yellowish-brown, and is flame-retardant but flammable under intense heat.
2. Chemical Properties:
Its decomposition produces toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, bromine, carbonyl bromide, and hydrogen bromide. It reacts violently with alkaline substances, metals, and metal powders, but is durable against copper and brass.
Types of Tetrabromoethane
Commonly sold as reagents for research, tetrabromoethane is available in 500 g glass bottles and should be stored at room temperature with caution due to its toxicity.